郑州市城区居民食物摄入状况调查结果分析

目的 调查分析郑州市城区居民食物摄入状况，为合理膳食指导干预提供参考。方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法，抽取郑州市城区24个社区，每个社区10～12户，对每户所有3岁及以上人群，采取3 d 24 h膳食回顾法和食物称重法进行调查分析。结果 2020年共调查267户738人，每标准人日谷薯类（595.4 g）和蛋类（51.4 g）食物摄入高于推荐量；奶及奶制品（56.7 g）、蔬菜类（203.2 g）、水产类（0 g）、大豆及坚果（5.3 g）、水果类（18.1 g）和食用油（21.5 g）摄入低于推荐量；畜禽肉类（70.6 g）和食用盐（5.4 g）摄入符合推荐量。各类食物中仅谷薯类和蛋类摄入量大于2012全国监测数据（Z = 20.65,P＜0.001；Z = 18.33，P＜0.001）。男性谷薯类和蔬菜类的摄入量大于女性（χ2 = 15.09，P＜0.001；χ2 = 4.43，P = 0.035）；女性奶及奶制品的摄入量多于男性（χ2 = 4.19，P = 0.041）；不同年龄性别居民食物摄入量波动较大。结论 郑州市城区居民膳食结构不太合理，奶及奶制品、蔬菜类、水产类、大豆及坚果和水果类摄入量不足，应不断进行膳食结构优化，做好居民合理膳食指导干预工作。

Analysis of survey results on food intake status of urban residents in Zhengzhou

Objective To investigate and analyze the food intake status of urban residents in Zhengzhou, and to provide reference for rational dietary guidance intervention. Methods Using a multi-stage whole-group random sampling method, 24 communities in urban areas of Zhengzhou were selected, with 10 to 12 households in each community, and all people aged 3 years and above in each household were surveyed and analyzed by the 3-day 24-h dietary review method and food weighing method. Results A total of 267 households and 738 people were surveyed in 2020, with food intakes of cereals and potatoes (595.4 g) and eggs (51.4 g) per standard person-day higher than recommended while milk and milk products (56.7 g), vegetables (203.2 g), aquatic products (0 g), soybeans and nuts (5.3 g), fruits (18.1 g) and edible oils (21.5 g) lower than recommended. The intake of animal and poultry meat (70.6 g) and edible salt (5.4 g) was in line with the recommended amount. Among the food groups, only cereals and potatoes and eggs were consumed more than the 2012 national monitoring data (Z=20.65, P<0.001; Z=18.33, P<0.001). The intake of cereals and potatoes and vegetables was greater in men than in women (χ2=15.09, P<0.001; χ2=4.43, P=0.035), and the intake of milk and milk products was greater in women than in men (χ2=4.19, P=0.041). The food intake of residents of different ages and genders fluctuated greatly. Conclusion The dietary structure of urban residents in Zhengzhou is not reasonable, and the intake of milk and dairy products, vegetables, aquatic products, soybeans, nuts, and fruits is not enough, so the dietary structure should be optimized continuously and the intervention of reasonable dietary guidance should be done.