妊娠期糖尿病孕妇和糖耐量正常孕妇妊娠压力与社会支持的相关性研究

目的 分析妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）孕妇和糖耐量正常孕妇妊娠压力与社会支持的相关性，对比该相关性在两组间是否存在差异。方法 选取495名GDM孕妇和352名糖耐量正常孕妇，采用一般情况调查表、妊娠压力量表（PPS）和社会支持评定量表（SSRS）进行问卷调查，并运用典型相关分析来研究妊娠压力和社会支持的相关性。结果 GDM组与正常组孕妇都处于轻度压力状态（0.38±0.32分vs.0.38±0.31分， t =0.061， P> 0.05），且社会支持度均相对较高（40.68±6.88分vs.40.66±6.71分， t=0.042 ， P> 0.05），组间比较显示差异无统计学意义。GDM组和正常组孕妇妊娠压力与社会支持均存在典型相关关系（ λGDM =0.291， F=4.282 ，P<0.01； λ正常 =0.271， F=2.900 ，P<0.01）。GDM组孕妇妊娠压力主要由“确保母子健康和安全”引起，且主观支持的影响较大；而正常组孕妇妊娠压力主要来自于“认同父母角色”，且客观支持的影响较大。结论 应重视孕妇的妊娠压力状态，根据妊娠压力来源的不同可提供有针对性的社会支持，减缓孕期压力，促进母婴健康。

The comparison of pregnancy pressure and social support between gestational diabetes mellitus and normal glucose tolerance women

Objective To analyze the correlation of pregnancy stress and social support between pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal glucose tolerance women, and to compare whether the correlation is different between the two groups. Methods A total of 495 pregnant women with GDM and 352 normal glucose tolerance women were selected. General situation questionnaire, Pregnancy Pressure Scale (PPS) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were adopted, and canonical correlation analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between pregnancy stress and social support. Results Both GDM group and normal group had mild stress (0.38±0.32 vs. 0.38±0.31, t =0.061, P> 0.05), but their social support levels were relatively high (40.68±6.88 vs. 40.66±6.71, t=0.042, P> 0.05), and comparison between groups showed no statistical difference. There was a canonical correlation between gestational stress and social support in both GDM and normal groups ( λ
GDM =0.291, F= 4.282 , P <0.01; λ
normal =0.271, F= 2.900 , P <0.01). In GDM group, pregnancy stress was mainly caused by “ensuring the health and safety of mother and child”, and subjective support had a greater impact. While in the normal group, pregnancy stress was mainly caused by “parental role recognition”, and the influence of objective support was higher. Conclusion Attention should be paid to pregnancy stress state of pregnant women, and targeted social support can be provided according to different sources of pregnancy stress, so as to alleviate pregnancy stress and promote maternal and infant health.