北京市学龄前儿童不良身体姿态与生活习惯的相关性分析

目的 探讨学龄前儿童不良身体姿态与生活习惯的相关性，为该群体不良身体姿态的预防提供参考依据。方法 采用Body - Style身体姿态评估测试仪（Model.S - 8.0）和《学龄前儿童生活习惯调查问卷》对整群随机抽取的北京市4所幼儿园 406名学龄前儿童进行体态评估和生活习惯调查。使用χ2检验和logistic回归分析进行统计分析。结果 学龄前儿童体态测评得分为(21.98±3.01)，不良体态检出率为75.86%，其中骨盆前倾、高低肩、O/X型腿检出率较高，占比分别为39.41%、46.80%、58.37%；不良体态检出率在性别(χ2 = 10.28)、年龄(χ2 = 16.57)、BMI(χ2 = 7.46)存在组别差异且均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，具体表现为女童(79.24%)高于男童(72.16%)，3～＜4岁组(73.02%) 4～＜5岁组(75.00%) 5～6岁(79.86%)具有随年龄增长递增的特点，肥胖儿童(86.36%)不良体态检出率相对较高；体态发育与生活习惯具有相关性，“每天参加体育锻炼”(OR = 2.014，95%CI:1.712～2.426)、“视屏时间＜2 h”(OR = 1.632，95%CI:1.266～1.527)、“睡眠时间≥6 h”(OR = 1.425，95%CI:1.266～1.624)、“基本每天都吃牛乳奶制品”(OR = 1.067，95%CI:0.906～1.146)对儿童体态发育具有积极影响。结论 学龄前儿童生活习惯对体态健康具有显著影响，通过改善体力活动、饮食习惯和睡眠时间，促进其体态健康发展。

Correlation analysis of poor body posture and living habits of preschool children in Beijing

Objective To explore the effects of children’s living habits on body posture health among preschool children, and to provide reference for prevention of bad body posture. Methods A total of 406 preschoolers from four kindergartens in Beijing were randomly selected to conduct body posture assessment and lifestyle survey using body-style body posture assessment tester (Model.S-8.0) and the questionnaire for preschoolers’ living habits. Results The body posture score was (21.98±3.01) points, and the detection rate of bad body posture was 75.86%. The high detection rate of forward pelvis, high and low shoulders and O/X legs were 39.41%, 46.80% and 58.37%, respectively. The detection rate of poor body posture was associated with gender (χ2=10.28), age (χ2=16.57), and BMI (χ2=7.46) with statistically significant difference (P<0.05), with a higher rate in girls (79.24%) than in boys (72.16%), and an increasing rate with age in the 3-4 years group (73.02%), 4-5 years group (75.00%), and 5-6 years group (79.86%). The detection rate of bad posture in obese children (86.36%) was relatively high. Body shape development was correlated with life habits. “Daily physical exercise” (OR=2.014, 95%CI:1.712-2.426), “video time less than 2 hours” (OR=1.632, 95%CI: 1.266-1.527), “sleep time more than 6 hours” (OR=1.425, 95%CI: 1.266-1.624) and “basically eating dairy products every day” (OR=1.067, 95%CI: 0.906-1.146) had positive effects on children’s physical development. Conclusion The lifestyle of preschoolers has a significant impact on the physical health, and the physical health development of preschoolers can be promoted by improving physical activity, eating habits and sleep time.