杭州市民营企业职工抑郁及影响因素研究

目的 调查杭州市民营企业职工抑郁发生率及其影响因素,为卫生相关部门开展高危人群心理健康教育提供实证依据和政策建议。方法 2020年10—11月,采用随机抽样法选取西湖区、萧山区、滨江区和富阳区的民营企业职工作为研究对象,采用自行设计的调查问卷收集资料,采用百分比、卡方检验和二元logistic回归进行统计分析。结果 发放调查问卷848份,回收调查问卷649份,问卷回收率76.53%; 有效问卷557份,问卷有效率为85.82%。调查对象抑郁发生率为27.78%(150人),重度抑郁发生率1.11%(6人),轻微抑郁发生率26.67%(144人)。单因素统计分析发现性别(χ²=9.178,P =0.002)、文化程度(χ²=13.826,P<0.001)、吸烟情况(χ²=6.072,P=0.048)、是否锻炼(χ²=4.405,P=0.036)、睡眠质量(χ²=56.166,P < 0.001)和抗逆力(χ²=31.914,P < 0.001)等因素影响民营企业职工的抑郁。二元logistic回归分析发现睡眠质量(OR=11.704,95%CI:4.730～28.960)、抗逆力(OR=7.285,95%CI:3.121～17.004)、文化程度(OR=3.269, 95%CI:1.760～6.073)、性别(OR=1.935, 95%CI:1.167～3.208)和体育锻炼(OR=1.664, 95%CI:1.038～2.667)是影响民营企业职工抑郁的主要因素。结论 卫生相关部门应重点关注民营企业中睡眠质量差、低抗逆力、大专及以上学历、女性及不参加体育锻炼的职工的心理健康干预。

Study on the depression and its influencing factors of employees in private enterprises,Hangzhou

Objective To examine the incidence of depression among employees of private enterprises in Hangzhou and its influencing factors, and to provide empirical evidence of policymaking for the health-related departments to carry out mental health education for the high-risk groups. Methods From October to November 2020, the random sampling method was conducted to select employees at private enterprises in Xihu District, Xiaoshan District, BinJiang District and Fuyang District. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data. Percentage, chi-square test and binary Logistic regression were adopted for analysis. Results A total of 848 questionnaires were distributed and 649 questionnaires were collected, the total response rate was 76.53%; a total of 557 valid questionnaires, and the effective rate was 85.82%. The incidence of depression was 27.78%(150 subjects), the incidence of major depression was 1.11%(6 subjects), and the incidence of minor depression was 26.67%(144 subjects). Single factor statistical analysis showed that factors including gender(χ²=9.178, P=0.002), educational attainment(χ²=13.826, P < 0.001), smoking status(χ²=6.072, P=0.048), physical exercise(χ²=4.405, P=0.036), quality of sleep(χ²=56.166, P<0.001), and resilience(χ²=31.914, P<0.001)had impact on depression among the private enterprise employees. Binary logistic regression suggested that quality of sleep(OR=11.704, 95%CI:4.730-28.960), resilience(OR=7.285, 95%CI:3.121-17.004), educational attainment (OR=3.269, 95%CI:1.760-6.073), gender(OR=1.935, 95%CI:1.167-3.208)and physical exercises(OR=1.664, 95%CI:1.038-2.667)were principal factors affecting depression of employees in private enterprise. Conclusion Health department should attach importance to preventing depression for those employees with poor quality of sleep, low resilience, educational attainment of college and above, female and lack of physical exercises in private enterprises.