毒品成瘾多维心理因素评估量表的初步编制

目的 编制毒品成瘾多维心理因素评估量表，并检验其心理测量特性。方法 在半结构化访谈、文献调研的基础上，从风险因素和保护因素两方面入手，并基于个体心理和社会心理两系统确立最常见的11个维度，构建毒品成瘾多维心理因素评估初始量表，通过两次修订形成最终量表。随后对316名吸毒者进行正式量表测试。用经典测量理论（classical test theory，CTT）和项目反应理论（item response theory，IRT）的拓展分部评分模型（generalized partial credit model，GPCM）的方法对量表进行项目质量分析，采用R语言、Mplus 7.0和SPSS 21.0进行数据分析。结果 正式量表包括64个条目，4个分量表和11个因子。量表的Cronbach α系数为0.95，重测信度为0.65。验证性因素分析的结果表明量表具有良好的结构效度。最终在CTT框架下量表的项目区分度在0.40～0.84之间，难度在0.28～0.68之间，IRT框架下量表的项目区分度在0.40～5.18之间，项目难度参数在-1.06～2.70之间。结论 该量表符合心理测量学要求，可以作为吸毒人员成瘾的评估工具。

Preliminary development of multidimensional psychological scale for substance abuse

Objective To develop a multidimensional psychological scale for substance abuse and test its psychometric characteristics. Methods On the basis of semi-structured interview and literature research, starting from the risk factors and protective factors, and based on the two systems of individual psychology and social psychology, the most common 11 dimensions were established, the initial scale of multidimensional psychological factor evaluation of drug addiction was constructed, and the final scale was formed through two revisions. Then 316 drug addicts were tested with the formal scale. Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Generalized Partial Credit Model of Item Response Theory (IRT) were used to analyze the item quality of the scale. The data were analyzed with the use of R, Mplus 7.0, and SPSS 21.0. Results The formal scale included 64 items, four subscales, and 11 factors. Cronbach α of the scale was 0.95 and the test-retest reliability was 0.65. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale had good structural validity. The item discrimination parameters of the scale under CTT were between 0.40 and 0.84 and the difficulty parameters were between 0.28 and 0.68. The item discrimination parameters of the scale under IRT were between 0.40 and 5.18, and the item difficulty parameters were between -1.06 and 2.70. Conclusion The scale meets the requirements of psychometrics and can be used as an evaluation tool for drug addicts.