社会经济特征、社会支持对城市社区老年人死亡态度的影响研究Symbol`@@

目的 分析城市社区老年人死亡态度的现状及其与社会经济特征、社会支持的关系,为社区老年人死亡教育干预工作提供依据。方法 采用两阶段随机抽样抽取成都市990名老年人进行调查,应用结构方程模型探讨社会经济特征、社会支持对社区老年人死亡态度的影响及作用路径。结果 67.58%的老年人对死亡持接受态度;在老年男女性的路径中,老年男性的家庭人均月收入（P=0.007,β=0.119）和原职业(PSymbol|@@0.001,β=0.180)对死亡态度有直接作用,而文化程度（P<0.001,β=0.127）对死亡态度产生间接作用;老年女性的原职业对死亡态度同时有直接效应（P=0.018,β=0.101）和间接效应（P=0.001,β=0.007）,其中家庭人均月收入（P=0.001,β=0.039）和文化程度(PSymbol|@@0.001,β=0.094)对死亡态度仅有间接作用。社会支持对不同性别老年人的死亡态度均有直接影响和中介作用。结论 城市社区大部分老年人的死亡态度较积极;社会经济特征、社会支持与其死亡态度相关且存在性别差异,提示社区死亡教育干预应重点关注社会经济特征、社会支持因素对老年人死亡态度的影响。

Influence of socioeconomic status and social support on death attitude of the elderly population in the urban community

Objective To analyze the current situation of death attitude of the elderly in the urban community and its relationship with socio-economic characteristics and social support, to provide a basis for death education intervention for the elderly in the community. Methods 990 elderly people in Chengdu were investigated by two-stage random sampling. The structural equation model was used to explore the impact of socio-economic characteristics and social support on the death attitude of the elderly in the community. Results 67.58% of the elderly accepted death. In the path of old men and women, the family per capita monthly income (P=0.007,β=0.119) and original occupation (P 0.001,β=0.180) of old men had a direct effect on the attitude towards death, while the education level (P 0.001,β=0.127) had an indirect effect on the attitude towards death. Old women’s original occupation had both direct effect (P=0.018,β=0.101) and indirect effect (P=0.001,β=0.007), and their family per capita monthly income (P=0.001,β=0.039) and education level (P 0.001, β=0.094) had an only indirect effect on death attitude. Social support had a direct impact and intermediary effect on the death attitude of the elderly of different genders. Conclusion Most of the elderly in the urban community have a positive attitude towards death. Social-economic characteristics and social support are related to their death attitude, and there are gender differences, suggesting that community death education intervention should focus on the impact of socio-economic characteristics and social support factors on the death attitude of the elderly.