中国孕妇及儿童青少年食物频率问卷信效度系统综述

目的 系统性梳理我国孕妇及儿童青少年食物频率问卷（food frequency questionnaire, FFQ）的信效度研究现状。方法 基于中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普期刊、PubMed、Embase数据库，系统检索截至2022年4月6日发表的关于中国孕妇及儿童青少年FFQ的信效度研究。对文献进行筛选评价，分析研究基本特征及整体信效度。结果 共纳入12篇文献（孕妇组、儿童青少年组各6篇），样本量范围为100~405名，FFQ食物清单数目范围为63~172项。大多数研究缺乏针对FFQ设计、实施及数据处理标准化流程的详细说明。经质量评价，6篇评价为质量好，4篇中等，2篇较差。 FFQ信度均值范围:孕妇组为0.32~0.45（食物组）和0.29~0.71（营养素）；儿童青少年组为0.40~0.53（食物组）和0.34~0.66（营养素）。FFQ对比金标准（包括24小时膳食回顾或膳食记录法）的效度均值范围:孕妇组为0.34~0.43（食物组）和0.16~0.69（营养素），其中禽肉、鱼类和叶酸的效度较低（＜0.30）；儿童青少年组为0.21~0.60（食物组）和0.29~0.85（营养素），其中鱼类和坚果的效度较低（＜0.30）。结论 中国孕妇及儿童青少年FFQ的信效度水平存在一定差异，部分FFQ的平均信效度能达到中等及较高水平，个别营养素和食物组的效度较低。此外，FFQ应用的规范化标准流程仍需完善与统一，不同地区人群流行病学研究及临床研究中FFQ的应用及推广有待进一步的优化。

A systematic review of the reproducibility and validity of food frequency questionnaire among Chinese pregnant women,children and adolescents

Objective To conduct a systematic review of studies on the reproducibility and validity of food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) among Chinese pregnant women, children and adolescents. Methods Eligible studies published by April 6th 2022 were retrieved from the following database: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed and Embase. The quality of the included studies was evaluated. And the characteristics, methods, and results of each study were reported. Results A total of 12 studies (6 for pregnant women, children and adolescents, respectively) were included. The sample size was 100 to 405, and the number of food items ranged from 63 to 172. According to a standard quality evaluation, 6 out of 12 studies were identified as good quality. Information for the standard procedure of FFQ development, administration and data analysis was not available in most studies. The average reproducibility values of FFQ were 0.32-0.45 (food groups) and 0.29-0.71 (nutrients) for pregnant women, 0.40-0.53 (food groups) and 0.34-0.66 (nutrients) for children and adolescents. The average correlation coefficients of FFQ compared with gold standard methods (including 24-hour diet recall or dietary record) were 0.34-0.43 (food groups) and 0.16-0.69 (nutrients) for pregnant women, of which the intake of poultry, fish and folate had relatively low validity (＜0.30); the corresponding correlation coefficients for children and adolescents were 0.21-0.60 (food group) and 0.29-0.85 (nutrients), and the intake of fish and nuts had relatively low validity (＜0.30). Conclusion Although relevant validation studies were relatively limited among pregnant women, children and adolescents in China, the overall validity of FFQ is moderate-to-high. However, the validity for certain food groups and nutrients is relatively low. Further studies are warranted to refine the standard procedure of FFQ implementation and extend its application among these specific populations.