云南省中学生身体素质现况及影响因素分析

目的 了解云南省中学生身体素质现况及其影响因素，为提高中学生体质健康水平提供参考依据。方法 采用分层随机整群的抽样方法选取2019年云南学生体质与健康调研中13～18岁中学生11 946名，测量不同性别、年龄、民族的学生各项身体素质相关指标及计算合格率，对弱势项目（肺活量、男生引体向上、女生仰卧起坐）应用多因素logistic 回归分析。结果 2019年云南省中学生体质测试中整体合格率由高到低的项目依次为耐力跑（99.9%）、50m跑（96.4%）、坐位体前屈（96.4%）、立定跳远（86.1%）、肺活量（76.8%）、引体向上/仰卧起坐（52.5%）。不同民族间比较发现肺活量合格率最高为汉族（85.6%），最低为傣族（47.4%）；引体向上/仰卧起坐合格率最高为佤族（81.9%），最低为纳西族（41.3%）。多因素 logistic 回归分析显示:肺活量项目中，超重肥胖（OR = 0.56，95%CI:0.49～0.64）、学校不挤占体育课（OR = 0.88,95%CI:0.81～0.97）、一周中肌肉力量锻炼≥4次（OR = 0.67,95%CI:0.58～0.77）体测合格率更高，而低体重（OR = 3.78, 95%CI:3.31～4.56）体测合格率更低；引体向上/仰卧起坐项目中，上体育课时感觉出汗（OR = 0.87,95%CI:0.76～0.99）、学校不挤占体育课（OR = 0.87,95%CI:0.80～0.93）、每天上课间操次数超过两次（OR = 0.76,95%CI:0.67～0.88）体测合格率更高，而低体重（OR = 2.10,95%CI:1.73～2.55）、超重肥胖（OR = OR=1.25,95%CI:1.13～1.38）、每天体育锻炼不超过1 h（OR = 1.11,95%CI:1.02～1.20）体测合格率更低。结论 引体向上和肺活量是云南省中学生身体素质弱势项目，今后政府、学校、家庭应加强合作，积极鼓励青少年参与体育锻炼，确保学生身体素质水平均衡发展。

Current situation and influencing factors of physical fitness of middle school students in Yunnan Province

Objective To understand the physical fitness status of middle school students and influencing factors in Yunnan Province, and to provide reference for improving the physical health level of middle school students. Methods A total of 11 946 middle school students aged 13 to 18 years were selected from the physical fitness and health survey of Yunnan students in 2019 by stratified random cluster sampling method. The physical fitness indicators of students of different genders, ages and ethnic groups were measured and the pass rate was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to the disadvantaged items (lung capacity, male pull-up, and female sit-up). Results In 2019, the overall pass rate of high school students in Yunnan Province was as follows: endurance running (99.9%), 50m running (96.4%), sitting forward bend (96.4%), standing long jump (86.1%), lung capacity (76.8%), and pull-up/sit-up (52.5%). The qualified rate of lung capacity among different ethnic groups was the highest in Han group (85.6%) and the lowest in Dai nationality (47.4%). The pass rate of pull-up/sit-up was the highest in Wa group (81.9%) and the lowest in Naxi group (41.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that overweight and obesity (OR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.49-0.64), PE classes not replaced by other classes (OR=0.88, 95%CI: 0.81-0.97), and muscle strength exercise ≥4 times a week (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.58-0.77) contributed to a higher pass rate in lung capacity, while low weight (OR=3.78, 95%CI: 3.31-4.56) a lower pass rate. In the pull-up/sit-up items, the passing rate of body test was higher in students with feeling of sweating in PE class (OR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.76-0.99), PE classes not replaced by other classes (OR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.80-0.93), and exercises more than twice per day (OR=0.76, 95%CI: 0.67-0.88). However, students with low body weight (OR=2.10, 95%CI: 1.73-2.55), overweight and obesity (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.13-1.38) and physical exercise for less than 1 hour a day (OR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.02-1.20) had lower pass rates. Conclusion Pull-ups and spirometry are physically disadvantaged items for secondary school students in Yunnan Province, and the government, schools, and families should strengthen cooperation in the future to actively encourage adolescents to participate in physical exercise and ensure balanced development of students’ physical fitness level.