基于选择、优化和补偿模型理论的城乡老年人成功老龄化与健康坚韧性的关系研究

目的 调查城乡老年人成功老龄化与健康坚韧性和选择、优化、补偿（the selection，optimization，and compensation,SOC）之间的关系，为社区保健人员促进城乡老年人成功老龄化提供参考。方法 采用一般资料问卷、成功老龄化量表、健康坚韧性量表、SOC问卷，于2021年3—6月抽取承德市391名老年人进行问卷调查。使用结构方程模型并通过Bootstrap方法对SOC在健康坚韧性对成功老龄化的中介作用进行分析和验证。结果 老年人成功老龄化得分为（49.37±14.01）分，健康坚韧性得分为（139.84±24.33）分，SOC得分为（8.00±3.12）分，成功老龄化与健康坚韧性、SOC呈正相关（r = 0.128～0.992，P = 0.028），健康坚韧性直接影响成功老龄化，而且，还通过SOC间接影响成功老龄化（P = 0.015）。结论 城乡老年人的健康坚韧性和SOC是成功老龄化的影响因素，并且SOC在健康坚韧性对成功老龄化之间存在中介效应。

A study on the relationship between successful aging and health-related hardiness of urban and rural older adults based on selection,optimization and compensation model theory

Objective To investigate the relationship between successful aging and health-related hardiness and the selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) in urban and rural older adults, and to provide reference for community health workers to promote successful aging in urban and rural older adults. Methods Using the general information questionnaire, the successful aging scale, the health-related hardiness scale, and the SOC questionnaire, 391 older adults in Chengde were surveyed from March to June 2021. The role of SOC in mediating the effect of health resilience on successful aging was analyzed and validated using structural equation modeling and by Bootstrap method. Results The successful aging score was (49.37±14.01), health-related hardiness score was (139.84±24.33), and SOC score was (8.00±3.12). Successful aging was positively correlated with health-related hardiness and SOC (r=0.128-0.992, P=0.028), and health-related hardiness directly influenced successful aging. Moreover, it also indirectly affected successful aging through SOC (P=0.015). Conclusion Health-related hardiness and SOC of urban and rural older adults are influencing factors of successful aging, and there is a mediating effect of SOC between health-related hardiness and successful aging.