新疫苗纳入国家免疫规划的评价维度及指标分析

目的 对新疫苗纳入国家免疫规划涉及的决策要素相关的文献进行系统梳理。方法 通过8个中英文文献数据库检索国内外相关文献，归纳各国进行免疫决策时的评价维度及核心指标等。结果 纳入41篇文献，内容以案例研究为主，实证研究较少。各文献基本遵循疾病、疫苗、卫生系统的评价框架，但有不同程度的延伸。疾病死亡率、疫苗安全性及有效性、成本效果评价等为高频评价指标。本研究梳理出基于“疾病-疫苗-能力-效益评价”的4维度13个要素43个指标的评价体系。结论 国内外关于疫苗决策的研究处于发展阶段，我国应增强疫苗纳入免疫规划的评价框架的可操作性及广度，注重本土的流行病学、卫生经济学数据收集，进一步发挥国家免疫规划技术工作组在疫苗循证决策中的作用。

Study on the evaluation dimensions and index of new vaccines included in the National Immunization Program

Objective To systematically evaluate the domestic and foreign research literature of new vaccines included in the National Immunization Program. Methods The relevant literatures at home and abroad were searched through 8 Chinese and English literature databases to summarize the evaluation dimensions and core indicators of immunization decision-making in different countries. Results In total 41 articles were included in this study, with a predominance of case studies and a few empirical studies. The literature basically followed the core assessment framework of disease, vaccine, and health system, but with varying degrees of extension. The mortality, vaccine safety and efficacy, and cost effectiveness evaluation were high-frequency assessment indicators. This study sorted out an evaluation system based on four dimensions, 13 elements, and 43 indicators based on “disease-vaccine-capacity-benefit evaluation”. Conclusion The research on vaccine decision-making at home and abroad is in developing stage. We should enhance the operability and breadth of the evaluation framework for the inclusion of vaccines in the immunization program, pay attention to the collection of local epidemiological and health economics data, and further give play to the role of the technical working group of the national immunization program in evidence-based vaccine decision-making.