老年人电子健康素养现状及其影响因素研究

目的 基于安德森模型,探究老年人电子健康素养的影响因素,为提升老年人电子健康素养水平提供理论依据。方法 以安德森模型为理论框架,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取唐山市年龄≥60岁的915名老年人作为调查对象。采用t检验及单因素方差分析、多元线性分层回归分析对数据进行统计学处理,探究倾向特征、使能因素、需求因素对老年人电子健康素养的影响。结果 唐山市老年人电子健康素养得分为(22.81±5.10)分; 多元线性分层回归分析显示,倾向特征中教育背景(β=0.165,P<0.05),使能因素中月收入(β=0.101,P<0.05)、健康观念(β=0.144,P<0.05)、社区卫生服务可用性(β=0.119,P<0.05)、网络寻找健康信息的频率(β=0.125,P<0.05),需求因素中健康状况(β=0.224,P<0.05)、健康风险感知(β=0.126,P<0.05)是老年人电子健康素养的影响因素。结论 安德森模型视角下,老年人电子健康素养的影响因素较多,我们应重点关注低教育背景、低月收入、健康观念差、社区卫生服务低可用性、网络寻找健康信息频率较少、健康状况差、健康风险感知低的老年人并采取干预措施,以提升老年人电子健康素养水平。

Current situation and influencing factors of electronic health literacy of the elderly

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of electronic health literacy of the elderly by the Anderson model, so as to provide theoretical basis for improving the level of electronic health literacy of the elderly. Methods Based on Anderson model, a total of 915 elderly people who were 60 years old or above were selected as the survey subjects. Data were processed statistically by using t-test, one-way analysis of variance and multiple linear stratified regression analysis to explore the influence of propensity characteristics, enabling factors and demanding factors on the electronic health literacy of the elderly. Results The score of Tangshan elderly electronic health literacy was(22.81±5.10). Multiple linear stratified regression analysis showed that, educational background in the propensity characteristics(β=0.165, P<0.05), economic income in the enabling factor(β=0.101, P<0.05), health concept(β=0.144, P<0.05), availability of community health services(β=0.119, P<0.05), the frequency of the network search for health information(β=0.125, P<0.05), health status in the demand factors(β=0.224, P<0.05)and health risk perception(β=0.126, P<0.05)were influencing factors for e-health literacy in the elderly. Conclusion In the context of the Anderson model, the elderly electronic health has many influencing factors. We should focus on the elderly population with low education background, low economic income, poor health concept, community health service low availability, network for less health information frequency, poor health and low health risk perception and take intervention measures to improve the level of elderly electronic health literacy.