2017和2019年河南省开封市幼儿园儿童蛲虫感染情况调查

目的 了解河南省开封市幼儿园儿童蛲虫感染情况。方法 以河南省开封市杞县作为调查点，将杞县的幼儿园分为农村和城镇两层，综合幼儿园儿童数量、工作配合度等因素情况，采取分层整群抽样方法，2017年随机抽取4个城镇幼儿园和3个农村幼儿园；2019年随机抽取1个城镇幼儿园和2个农村幼儿园。以幼儿园及全部儿童和家长作为调查对象，对幼儿园儿童采用透明胶纸肛拭法检查儿童蛲虫感染情况，并通过问卷调查儿童基本情况、其个人及家庭卫生习惯及幼儿园卫生情况等，其率间差异比较采用卡方检验。 结果 共调查幼儿园儿童1 160名，发现蛲虫阳性79人，阳性率6.81%（79/1 160）；2017和2019年的感染率分别为7.68%（52/677）和5.59%（27/483）（χ2 = 1.942，P = 0.163）。城镇幼儿园感染率为4.27%（27/632）低于农村的9.85%（52/528）（χ2 = 14.095，P = 0.000）。男童和女童感染率分别为6.80%（42/618）和6.83%（37/542）（χ2 = 0.000，P = 0.984）；大、中、小班的感染率分别为9.28%（36/388）、4.61%（19/412）和6.67%（24/360）（χ2 = 6.874，P = 0.032）。有喝生水习惯（9.90%，41/414）、咬笔习惯（8.71%，42/482）、咬指甲习惯（8.63%，56/649）的儿童蛲虫感染率均高于无此类不良习惯的儿童（均 P＜0.05）。每周洗澡的儿童感染率最低，为4.16%（17/409）（χ2 = 6.417，P’ = 0.011）。有肛周瘙痒症状儿童感染率（18.00%，9/50）高于无该症状儿童（6.31%，70/1 110）（χ2 = 8.548，P = 0.003）。公立幼儿园蛲虫总感染率为8.56%（68/794）高于私立幼儿园的3.01%（11/366）（χ2 = 12.197，P = 0.000）。餐具每餐消毒的幼儿园儿童蛲虫感染率（4.27%，27/632）低于1 d消毒一次的幼儿园（9.85%，27/632）（χ2 = 14.095，P = 0.000）；学校负责清洗被褥的幼儿园感染率（3.24%，9/278）低于由家长清洗的幼儿园（7.94%，70/882）(χ2 = 7.354，P = 0.007)；室内地板砖材质感染率最低为4.27%（χ2 = 9.095，P’= 0.003）。 结论 河南省开封市幼儿园儿童蛲虫感染率较高，感染主要与儿童不良卫生习惯及幼儿园卫生条件等有关。

Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis of kindergarten children in Kaifeng city of Henan Province in 2017 and 2019

Objective To understand the pinworm infection in kindergarten children in Kaifeng, Henan Province. Methods Qixian county of Kaifeng in Henan Province was selected as the survey site, and kindergartens in Qixian county were divided into rural and urban strata. A stratified whole-group sampling method was adopted to select four urban kindergartens and three rural kindergartens in 2017 and one urban kindergarten and two rural kindergartens in 2019, based on and the number of kindergarten children and the degree of coordination. The children of kindergartens were examined for pinworm infection using the transparent adhesive paper anal swab method, and the basic conditions of children, their personal and family hygiene habits and kindergarten hygiene were investigated by questionnaires, and the chi-square test was adopted to compare differences. Results Totally 1 160 children were investigated. The total infection rate of E. vermicularis in kindergarten children was 6.81% (79/1 160). The infection rates in 2017 and 2019 were 7.68% (52/677) and 5.59% (27/483) (χ2=1.942, P=0.163), respectively. The rate in the city was lower than in rural area (χ2=14.095, P=0.000), with the infection rate being 4.27% (27/632) and 9.85% (52/528), respectively. The infection rate of E. vermicularis in boys and girls was 6.80% (42/618) and 6.83% (37/542) (χ2=0.000, P=0.984), respectively. The E. vermicularis infection rate of junior class in kindergarten was 9.28% (36/388), 4.61% (19/412) for the middle class, and 6.67% for the top class (24/360) (χ2=6.874, P=0.032). For different hygiene habits, the prevalence of E. vermicularis in children with bad hygiene habits, such as drinking raw water (9.90%, 41/414), biting pencils (8.71%, 42/482) or biting nails (8.63%, 56/649) were higher than those without such bad habits (all P< 0.05). The infection rate was the lowest among children with bathing frequency within 1 week, which was 4.16% (17/409) (χ2=6.417, Padjusted=0.011) . The infection rate of children with perianal pruritus (18.00%, 9/50) was higher than that of children without such symptoms (χ2=8.548, P=0.003). For different kindergartens, the overall infection rate of public kindergartens was higher than the private (χ2=12.197, P=0.000), which was 8.56% (68/794) and 3.01% (11/366), respectively. The infection rate in the kindergartens disinfecting the tableware each meal was 4.27% (27/632) and was lower than those disinfecting tableware once a day (9.85%, 27/632) (χ2=14.095, P=0.000). The infection rate of the kindergartens in which schools were responsible for washing the bedding (3.24%, 9/278) was lower than that of kindergartens in which parents washed bedding (7.94%, 70/882) (χ2=7.354, P=0.007). The infection rate of E.vermicular varied with the floor material in the kindergartens and the rate in the kindergartens with floor tiles was the lowest (χ2=9.095, Padjusted=0.003), which was 4.27% (27/632). Conclusion The infection rate of pinworms among kindergarten children in Kaifeng, Henan Province is high, and the infection is mainly related to children’s poor hygiene habits and kindergarten sanitary conditions.