内蒙古自治区饮用水中氟化物与金属元素的分布特征及健康风险评估

目的 分析内蒙古自治区饮用水中氟化物与金属元素的分布特征，并进行健康风险评估。方法 分析内蒙古12个地级市饮用水中重金属浓度分布特征，并计算超标率。建立健康风险评估模型以量化氟化物与金属元素通过不同途径（经口摄取，经皮接触）对不同人群（成人，儿童）产生的健康风险，分析地区间风险值的差异。结果 锡林郭勒盟的氟化物浓度高于国标。不同指标在12盟市超标率差异均有统计学意义。巴彦淖尔市与鄂尔多斯市饮用水中As、锡林郭勒盟氟化物总非致癌风险>1。各地As、Cd、Cr6+ 的致癌风险>1.00×10-4，其中As的致癌风险以巴彦淖尔市最高，Cd以阿拉善盟最高，Cr6+ 以鄂尔多斯市最高。结论 内蒙古全区饮用水中氟化物与金属元素的致癌风险与3个盟市的非致癌风险超过了US EPA安全限值，会威胁人类健康。

Distribution characteristics and health risk assessment of fluoride and metal elements in drinking water,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of fluoride and metal elements in drinking water in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and to assess the health risk. Methods The distribution characteristics of heavy metals concentrations in drinking water were analyzed, and the excess rates were calculated in 12 cities in Inner Mongolia. At the same time, a health risk assessment model was established to quantify the health risk of fluoride and metal elements to different populations (adults, children) through different ways (oral intake, transdermal contact), and to analyze the differences in risk values between regions. Results The concentration of fluoride in Xilingol League was higher than the national standard. There were statistically significant differences in the over-standard rates of different indications in 12 cities. The total non-carcinogenic risk of As in Bayannur and Ordos and fluoride in Xilingol League was higher than 1. The carcinogenic risk of As, Cd and Cr6+ was higher than 1.00*10-4 in various places. Among them, the carcinogenic risk of As was the highest in Bayannur City, Cd was the highest in Alashan League, and Cr6+ was the highest in Ordos City. Conclusion In Inner Mongolia, the risk of non-carcinogenesis and carcinogenesis of fluoride and metal elements in drinking water exceeds the safety limit of US EPA, which causes a threat to human health.