桂西地区老年人生命质量影响因素分析

目的 探讨桂西地区老年人生命质量状况及其相关的影响因素，为进一步提高老年人的生命质量提供依据。方法 采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法在桂西地区抽取60岁及以上的老年人2 000名作为研究对象。使用自行设计的一般情况调查问卷、健康状况调查简表（SF - 36）、健康促进生活方式量表（HPLP - C）进行问卷调查。运用t检验、方差分析、秩和检验和多元线性回归分析数据。结果 桂西地区老年人生命质量的情感职能维度得分高于中国常模，其他维度的得分均显著低于中国常模（t = - 4.287，P＜0.05）。健康生活方式的老年人生命质量总分高于不健康生活方式的老年人（t = - 7.439，P＜0.001）。多元线性回归分析显示，影响老年人生命质量的主要因素有慢性病（β = 0.340，P＜0.001）、婚姻状况（β = - 0.040，P = 0.049）、健康促进生活方式（β = 0.131，P＜0.001）、年龄（β = - 0.110，P＜0.001）、文化程度（β = 0.046，P = 0.033）。结论 桂西地区老年人生命质量水平还有待提高，相关部门应从老年人慢性病防治、医疗养老保障、健康教育、培养健康生活方式等多方面采取相关措施，改善桂西地区老年人的生命质量。

Factors influencing the quality of life of the elderly in western Guangxi

Objective To investigate the quality of life of the elderly in western Guangxi and influencing factors, in order to provide reference for further improving the quality of life of elders. Methods A total of 2 000 elderly people aged 60 or above in western Guangxi were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling method. The self-designed general information questionnaire, MOS 36 item short from health survey (SF-36), and health promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP-C) were used to conduct the questionnaire survey. The t test, analysis of variance, rank sum test, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. Results The scores of emotional function dimensions of the quality of life of the elderly in western Guangxi were higher than those of the Chinese norm, and the scores of other dimensions were significantly lower than those of the Chinese norm (t=-4.287, P<0.05). The total score of quality of life of the elderly with healthy lifestyle was higher than that of the elderly with unhealthy lifestyle (t=-7.439, P<0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the main factors affecting the quality of life of the elderly were chronic diseases (β=0.340, P＜0.001), marital status (β=-0.040, P=0.049), health promoting lifestyle(β=0.131, P＜0.001), age(β=-0.110, P<0.001), and education level(β=0.046, P=0.033). Conclusion The quality of life of the elderly in western Guangxi needs to be improved. The relevant departments should take measures from the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases of the elderly, medical care and old-age security, health education, cultivation of healthy lifestyles and other aspects to improve the quality of life of the elderly.