湖南省农村改厕对控制肠道传染病和蠕虫感染效果评价

目的探讨湖南省农村改厕对控制肠道传染病和寄生虫感染效果.方法按不同地理方位及不同粪便无害化处理的类型分别选择6个县作为观察点,采用检测粪大肠菌值、寄生虫虫卵沉降率、人群问卷和回顾性的调查方法,对改厕村和未改厕村的肠道传染病、感染性腹泻、寄生虫感染、蔬菜虫卵残留检测及卫生行为等情况进行调查分析.结果双瓮、三格和沼气式三种类型处理设施处理的粪液,其粪大肠菌值达标率分别为95.0%、93.5%和91.7%,寄生虫卵沉降率分别为90.0%、90.3%和87.5%,改厕村的人体寄生虫总感染率比未改厕村低67.0%,肠道传染病发病率低58.3%,感染性腹泻的发病率低56.3%.改厕组与对照组的蔬菜样品中,蠕虫卵检出率分别为11.31%和20.51%.改厕村经过健康教育干预后农民对粪便与疾病、改厕与防病等相关卫生知识知晓率,饭前便后洗手、不喝生水等卫生行为和生活习惯明显高于未改厕村.结论改厕后的粪便无害化处理,对肠道传染病、感染性腹泻和寄生虫感染均有不同程度的防病效果.农村改厕对农民的卫生知识、卫生行为和生活习惯有重大影响,并产生明显效果.

Evaluation of Latrines on Control of Gastrointestinal Infectious Diseases and Helminths Infestation in Countryside in Hunan

Objectives To evaluate the results of improvement of latrines on control of gastrointestinal infectious diseases and parasitosis. Methods We selected 6 counties as observational sites according to the featuring geographical locations and the types of non-hazardous treatment of human feces in Hunan Province rural areas. The number of fecal coliform and the sedimentation rate of parasite ova were measured, the methods of questionnaire and retrospective study and the prevalence of gastrointestinal infectious diseases, the incidence of infectious diarrheas and helminth parasites infestation rates were analyzed. Results Among three types of non-hazardous treatment, the eligibility rates of fecal coliform were 95.0%, 93.5% and 91.7%, and the sedimentation rates of parasite ova were 90.0% , 90.3% and 87.5% respectively. Compared with the villages without improvement of latrines, the infestation rates of parasites decreased to 67.0% , the prevalence of gastrointestinal infectious diseases decreased to 58.3%, and the incidence of infectious diarrheas decreased to 56.3%. The positive rates of helminth ova on vegetables in the improved-latrine villages was 11.31%, while in the contrast village group was 20.51%. After health education intervention in villageswith improved-latrine, villagers' health knowledge were improved as compared with the villages without improved-latrine, and health behavior and customs were significantly better too. Conclusions Non-hazardous treatment of feces after improved latrines presents obvious effective control on gastrointestinal infectious diseases, infectious diarrheas and parasitosis, which should be interrelated with the improvement of latrine and enhances health knowledge and behavior.