上海市产后妇女免费避孕药具获得障碍原因分析

目的：了解上海市产后妇女免费避孕药具知晓、获得情况及获得障碍的原因。方法：采用横断面调查的方法，对上海市徐汇区10个街道1819名产后育龄妇女进行匿名封闭式问卷调查。结果：调查对象中79．1％（1404／1771）的妇女知道可获得免费避孕药具，有52．2％（950／1819）的妇女拿到过免费避孕药具，其中84．2％（800／950）的对象拿到的是免费避孕套，1．2％（11／950）的对象拿到的是免费避孕药。对象认为妨碍获得免费避孕药具的前3位原因为：认为免费药具的质量不可靠（44．0％）、不好意思去领取（40．4％）、领取时间和服务人员上班时间有冲突（30．8％）。对以上原因进行分析，发现不同人群特征中原因的分布不尽相同，而且既往避孕宣教史在消除城市已婚育龄妇女免费避孕药具获得障碍方面所起的作用不大。结论：免费避孕药具在城市产后妇女中的使用率仍较低。针对免费避孕药具获得障碍的原因，应改进目前的避孕宣教内容和免费避孕药具的发放模式。

Analysis of the Reasons about Obstacle of Getting Free Contraceptives among Postnatal Women in Shanghai

Objective: To investigate situations about knowledge and acquirement of free contraceptives from government among postnatal women in shanghai. Methods: A cross-sectional study under the adoption of anonymous closed questionnaires was conducted among 1819 postnatal women from 10 communities at Xuhui district in Shanghai. Results: 79.1% of women had the knowledge about free contraceptives policy, 52.2% of women got free contraceptives among which 84.2% were male condoms and 1.2% were oral contraceptive pills. The most important reasons about obstacle of getting free contraceptives were sorted by ranking: the quality of free contraceptives uncertainty(44.0%), being shy to get free contraceptives(40.4%) and the conflicting between the time getting free contraceptives and working time of service provider (30.8%). Among different demology characteristics, the reasons of getting free contraceptives were different as well. And health education about contraceptives played less role among eliminating the misunderstanding of contraceptives. Conclusion: It is necessary to improve health education about contraceptives among postnatal women and the distribution model of free contraceptives according to the reasons about obstacle.