重症监护病房非白色念珠菌和白色念珠菌感染危险因素的比较

目的 研究重症监护病房(ICU)患者非白色念珠菌和白色念珠菌感染危险因素的差异.方法 回顾性分析2003年2月至2009年4月ICU获得性念珠菌感染患者103例,其中非白色念珠菌感染46例,白色念珠菌感染57例,对其多个危险因素进行统计学分析.结果 非白色念珠菌中,光滑念珠菌19例(18.4%),近平滑念珠菌13例(12.6%),热带念珠菌10例(9.7%),克柔念珠菌2例(1.9%),其他念珠菌2例(1.9%).经Logistic多因素回归分析发现,中心静脉导管(CVC)留置>2 d(OR=32.477,95%可信区间:4.905～215.035,P=0.000)、全胃肠外营养(OR=3.119,95%可信区间:1.214～8.015,P=0.018)和氟康唑预防治疗(OR=5.084,95%可信区间:1.319～19.596,P=0.018)与非白色念珠菌感染密切相关.结论 CVC留置>2 d、全胃肠外营养和氟康唑预防治疗是非白色念珠菌感染的独立危险因素,可用于指导经验性抗真菌治疗的药物选择.

Comparison of risk factors for non-albicans candida and candida albicans infections in the intensive care unit

Objective To determine the differences of risk factors for non-albicans candida and candida albicans infections among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods One hundred and three patients with ICU-acquired candida infections were retrospectively analyzed from February 2003 to April 2009. These patients were divided into non-albicans candida species group and candida albicans group.Multiple risk factors were analyzed between two groups. Results Of these patients, 46 patients (44.7%)had infections of non-albicans candida species and 57 patients (55.3%) had candida albicans infection.Among non-albicans candida species, candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis, candida tropicalis, candida krusei and others candida accounted for 19 patients (18.4%), 13 patients (12.6%), 10 patients (9.7%), 2 patients (1.9%) and 2 patients ( 1.9% ), respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression models revealed that central venous catheter (CVC) insertion time > 2 d (OR = 32.477,95% CI:4.905-215.035,P=0.000),total parenteral nutrition (OR =3.119,95% CI:1.214-8.015,P =0.018) and fluconazole prophylaxis therapy (OR = 5.084,95%CI: 1.319-19.596,P = 0.018) were highly correlated with non-albicans candida species infections. Conclusion CVC insertion time > 2 d, total parenteral nutrition and fluconazole prophylaxis therapy are independent risk factors of non-albicans candida species infections and can be used in empirical antifungal therapy.