结直肠癌的环境及遗传影响因素研究进展

结直肠癌是全球性的公共卫生问题，对人类健康构成严重威胁。发达国家与地区的结直肠癌发病率常位居前列，且部分发展中国家发病率亦急剧上升。结直肠癌的发生与饮食、生活方式等环境因素以及遗传因素密切相关，基因-环境交互作用也对其发生有一定的调控作用。目前已有较多关于结直肠癌影响因素的研究，本文对已有研究进行综述，从环境因素、遗传因素及基因-环境交互作用出发，探讨上述因素与结直肠癌发病风险的关联，为结直肠癌的预防提供一定证据。流行病学揭示的结直肠癌环境危险因素为肠癌的群体预防提供了更多依据，测序、组学等技术的不断发展则为结直肠癌遗传易感性的解析提供了新的契机，两者的有机结合有利于构建更为精准的风险预测模型，并制定个体化干预方案，以达到降低结直肠癌疾病负担的最终目标。

Progress of research on the environmental and genetic influencing factors of colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is a global public health issue which possesses serious challenge. The incidence of colorectal cancer in developed countries and regions stands in the forefront worldwide, and has been rising sharply in some of the developing countries. It is unanimously recognized that the occurrence of colorectal cancer is closely related to environmental factors as diet and lifestyle, genetic factors, and gene-environment interactions of the people. Since there have been many studies on the influencing factors of colorectal cancer, the current review aims at providing evidence on colorectal cancer prevention by evaluating the relationships between the influencing factors and colorectal cancer, based on the published literatures. Environmental risk factors revealed by previous epidemiological studies facilitate the population-based prevention programs against colorectal cancer. The developments of sequencing and omics technologies provide more chances to illustrate the genetic susceptibility of colorectal cancer. With both, we are able to construct more accurate risk prediction models and subsequently developing personalized intervention plans to achieve the ultimate goal of reducing the burden of colorectal cancer.