陕西省部分地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病流行情况及相关危险因素

目的  了解陕西省部分地区40岁及以上人群慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD）的患病情况及影响因素。 方法  采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法，在陕西省3个项目县区抽取了1 800名40岁及以上常住居民进行问卷调查、身体测量及肺功能检测，采用χ²检验和二分类Logistic回归分析模型对影响COPD患病率的相关因素进行分析。 结果  共获得有效样本1 638例，陕西省部分地区COPD的患病率为13.8%。其中男性患病率（18.5%）高于女性（9.6%）（χ²=27.399，P < 0.001）；70岁及以上年龄组患病率最高，占22.5%，其次为60~岁、50~岁和40~岁，患病率分别为20.4%、12.9%和8.5%，且随着年龄的增长患病率逐渐上升（χ_趋势²=31.970，P < 0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析模型得出，年龄（OR=2.86，95% CI：1.52~5.39，P=0.001），吸烟（OR=1.60，95% CI：1.12~2.27，P=0.031），有呼吸系统疾病家族史（OR=1.83，95% CI：1.05~3.18，P=0.008）是居民患COPD的危险因素。 结论  陕西省部分地区居民COPD患病率较高，高龄、吸烟、有呼吸系统疾病家族史是患COPD的危险因素。

Prevalence and risk factors of COPD in some areas of Shaanxi Province

  Objective  To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in people aged 40 and above in some areas of Shaanxi Province.  Methods  The multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used in this study. A total of 1 800 residents aged 40 and above were selected from three monitoring districts in Shaanxi.Interview survey, physical measurement and pulmonary function were examined. The relevant factors were analyzed by test and binary logistic regression analysis.  Results  A total of 1 638 effective samples were obtained. The prevalence of COPD was 13.8%. Prevalence rate in male (18.5%) was higher than that in female (9.6%)(χ2=27.399, P < 0.001); the prevalence of the age group of 70 years and above (22.5%) was the highest. The prevalence of COPD was 20.4%, 12.9% and 8.5% in 60-, 50- and 40- group respectively. With aging, the prevalence was increasing(χ_trend2=31.970, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for COPD were age (OR=2.86, 95% CI:1.52-5.39, P=0.001), smoke (OR=1.60, 95% CI:1.12-2.27, P=0.031) and family history of respiratory diseases (OR=1.83, 95% CI:1.05-3.18, P=0.008).  Conclusions  The prevalence of COPD is high in some areas of Shaanxi Province. The risk factors for COPD are old age, smoking and family history of respiratory diseases.