山东省男男性行为人群新型毒品滥用和HIV新发感染的相关因素分析

目的 分析MSM新型毒品滥用和HIV新发感染的相关因素，为制定艾滋病防控措施提供参考依据。方法 2021年4-7月在山东省9个城市监测哨点招募MSM，每个城市招募样本量为400人。开展面对面问卷调查，收集MSM社会人口学特征、行为学和接受HIV干预服务等信息，采集血样进行HIV和梅毒抗体检测。采用限制性抗原亲和力酶联免疫法进行HIV新发感染检测，并计算HIV新发感染率指标。结果 共调查MSM 3 624人，年龄（32.70±9.33）岁，以≥30岁（59.52%，2 157/3 624）、高中及以下文化程度（55.99%，2 029/3 624）、未婚/离异/丧偶（57.70%，2 091/3 624）和性取向为同性恋者为主（86.26%，3 126/3 624）。最近6个月发生无保护肛交占32.95%（1 194/3 624）；曾使用新型毒品占27.48%（993/3 613）；HIV抗体阳性率为3.12%（113/3 624），HIV新发感染率为2.61%（95%CI：1.73%~3.49%）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，MSM新型毒品滥用的相关因素包括未婚/离异/丧偶（相比于已婚/同居，aOR=1.43，95%CI：1.22~1.69）、大专及以上文化程度（相比于高中及以下文化程度，aOR=1.47，95%CI：1.25~1.72）、主要寻找男性性伴场所为互联网/交友软件（相比于酒吧/浴池/公园等，aOR=1.76，95%CI：1.41~2.19）、最近6个月发生无保护肛交（相比于未发生无保护肛交，aOR=1.33，95%CI：1.13~1.57）、最近1年患过性病（相比于未患性病，aOR=2.77，95%CI：2.04~3.76）。MSM HIV新发感染的相关因素包括最近6个月发生无保护肛交（相比于未发生无保护肛交，aOR=2.51，95%CI：1.25~5.01）、最近1年未接受HIV干预服务（相比于接受HIV干预服务，aOR=3.89，95%CI：1.30~11.60）、梅毒阳性（相比于梅毒阴性，aOR=8.18，95%CI：2.98~22.48）、曾使用新型毒品（相比于未使用新型毒品，aOR=4.75，95%CI：2.32~9.70）。结论 山东省MSM新型毒品滥用现象较为普遍，新型毒品滥用会增加HIV新发感染风险。

Analysis of related factors of new-type drug use and recent HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Shandong province

Objective To understand the related factors of new-type drug use and recent HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM), and provide a reference for formulating targeted strategies for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Methods MSM were recruited in sentinel surveillance sites of nine cities in Shandong province from April to July 2021, with a sample size of 400 in each city. A face-to-face questionnaire was conducted to collect demographic characteristics, high-risk behaviors, acceptance of HIV intervention services, etc. Blood samples were collected for HIV and syphilis antibodies detection. Limiting-antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg-Avidity EIA) was used to detect recent HIV infection, and the rate of recent HIV infection was calculated.Results 3 624 MSM were under study with the following characteristics as:aged (32.70±9.33) years old, the aged 30 and above (59.52%, 2 157/3 624), with high school education or below (55.99%, 2 029/3 624), being unmarried/divorced/widowed (57.70%, 2 091/3 624) and as having homosexual orientation (86.26%, 3 126/3 624) accounted for the more mainly. Of 32.95% (1 194/3 624) had same-sex unprotected anal sex in recent six months; 27.48% (993/3 613) ever used new-type drugs, and the HIV antibody positive rate was 3.12% (113/3 624). The recent HIV infection rate appeared as 2.61% (95%CI:1.73%-3.49%). The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the related factors of new-type drug use were unmarried/divorced/widowed (compared with being married/cohabitating, aOR=1.43, 95%CI:1.22-1.69), educational level of college or above (compared with educational level of high school or below, aOR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.25-1.72), mainly through the Internet/dating software to find male sex partners (compared with mainly through bars/baths/parks and other places to find male sex partners, aOR=1.76, 95%CI:1.41-2.19). Those who had unprotected anal sex in the last six months (compared with no unprotected anal sex, aOR=1.33, 95%CI:1.13-1.57), had sexually transmitted diseases in the past year (compared with no sexually transmitted disease, aOR=2.77, 95%CI:2.04-3.76) were more likely to use new-type drugs. The multinominal logistic regression showed that MSM who had unprotected anal sex in the last six months (compared with no unprotected anal sex, aOR=2.51, 95%CI:1.25-5.01) or did not receive HIV intervention services in the past year (compared with those who received HIV intervention services, aOR=3.89, 95%CI:1.30-11.60), were syphilis positive (compared with syphilis negative, aOR=8.18, 95%CI:2.98-22.48), used new-type drugs (compared with those who did not use new-type drugs, aOR=4.75, 95%CI:2.32-9.70) had a higher risk of recent HIV infection.Conclusions New-type drugs have been widely used in MSM in Shandong province. The abuse of new-type drugs increases the risk of recent HIV infection.