2012-2016年重庆市居民健康素养趋势性及其影响因素

  目的  了解2012-2016年重庆市居民健康素养水平变化趋势，探讨健康素养水平的影响因素，为卫生相关政策的改进提供科学依据。  方法  2012-2016年采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法对重庆市居民进行问卷调查。  结果  2012-2016年重庆市居民健康素养水平分别是4.94%、8.38%、8.71%、10.16%和11.82%；多因素分析显示，女性（OR=1.018，95% CI:1.015~1.021，P < 0.001）、25~岁（OR=1.037，95% CI:1.033~1.041，P < 0.001）、35~岁（OR=1.143，95% CI:1.139~1.148，P < 0.001）、小学（OR=2.065，95% CI:2.044~2.087，P < 0.001）、初中（OR=3.804，95% CI:3.765~3.843，P < 0.001）、高中/职高/中专（OR=6.245，95% CI:6.179~6.311，P < 0.001）、大专/本科及以上（OR=12.305，95% CI:12.173~12.438，P < 0.001）、家庭人均年收入3 000~元（OR=1.570，95% CI:1.560~1.580，P < 0.001）、5 000~元（OR=1.897，95% CI:1.887~1.907，P < 0.001）、10 000~元（OR=1.885，95% CI:1.875~1.896，P < 0.001）及>15 000元（OR=2.097，95% CI:2.086~2.108，P < 0.001）是健康素养的保护因素；农村、45~岁、55~岁及65~岁是健康素养的危险因素（均有P < 0.001）。  结论  2012-2016年重庆市居民健康素养水平呈逐年上升趋势，应针对农村居民、男性和年龄较大者、文化程度较低者和家庭人均年收入较低者进行健康教育工作。

Study on the trend of health literacy and its influencing factors in Chongqing, 2012-2016

  Objective  To understand the changing trend of health literacy level of residents in Chongqing from 2012 to 2016, and to explore the influencing factors of health literacy level, so as to provide scientific basis for the improvement of health related policies.  Methods  Stratified multi-stage random sampling was used in the questionnaire survey of residents in Chongqing from 2012 to 2016.  Results  The health literacy levels of residents in Chongqing City from 2012 to 2016 were 4.94%, 8.38%, 8.71%, 10.16%, and 11.82% respectively. The analysis of multiple factors showed that female (OR=1.018, 95% CI:1.015-1.021, P < 0.001), people under the survey aged between 25 and 34 (OR=1.037, 95% CI:1.033-1.041, P < 0.001), people under the survey aged between 34 and 44 (OR=1.143, 95% CI:1.139-1.148, P < 0.001), primary school(OR=2.065, 95% CI:2.044-2.087, P < 0.001), junior middle school (OR=3.804, 95% CI:3.765-3.843, P < 0.001), senior high school, vocational high school and technical secondary school (OR=6.245, 95% CI:6.179-6.311, P < 0.001), junior college, undergraduate degree and degrees above those (OR=12.305, 95% CI:12.173-12.438, P < 0.001), the annual average household income between 3 000 and 5 000 yuan (OR=1.570, 95% CI:1.560-1.580, P < 0.001), the annual average household income between 5 000 and 10 000 yuan (OR=1.897, 95% CI:1.887-1.907, P < 0.001), the annual average household income between 10 000 and 15 000 yuan(OR=1.885, 95% CI:1.875-1.896, P < 0.001) and the annual average household income more than 15 000 yuan(OR=2.097, 95% CI:2.086-2.108, P < 0.001) were protective factors for health literacy; rural areas, the people under this survey aged between 45 and 54 the people under this survey aged between 55 and 64 and the people under this survey aged between 65 and 69 were risk factors of the health literacy.  Conclusions  From 2012 to 2016, the health literacy level of the residents in Chongqing City has been increasing year after year, and health education should be conducted for rural residents. The health education should be concentrated on people in rural areas, male, the elderly, people with lower education level, and people with lower average annual household income.