社区55岁及以上人群轻度认知功能障碍与跌倒风险的关联研究

目的  探讨轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment, MCI)与社区人群跌倒风险的关联, 为预防老年人跌倒提供参考。 方法  2015年9月, 对宁夏吴忠市参加基本公共卫生体检的826名55岁及以上社区人群进行认知功能测评, 2016年3月期间(6个月后)通过电话随访调查跌倒发生情况并比较不同人群跌倒发生率; 采用非条件Logistic回归分析模型分析跌倒与轻度认知功能障碍的相关性。 结果  共有521人完成了随访, 其中MCI组127人。2015年9月~2016年3月期间, 共有32人报告发生跌倒, 发生率为6.1%(32/521), 其中女性跌倒发生率(8.85%, 23/260)高于男性(3.45%, 9/261), 两组差异有统计学意义(RR=2.56, P=0.010)。MCI组发生率(9.45%, 12/127)是非MCI组的1.86倍, 差异具有统计学意义(RR=1.86, P=0.073);多因素分析控制了性别、年龄和文化程度等人口学变量后, MCI与跌倒发生风险无明显性关联(OR=1.41, P=0.382)。 结论  社区老年人群跌倒发生率较高, 且女性高于男性; 尚未观察到MCI与人群跌倒发生风险明显相关, 需要今后大样本人群研究进一步验证。

Association of mild cognitive impairment with incidence of falls in communities aged 55 and over

Objective To explore the association between mild cognitive impairment(MCI)and the risk of falls in community populations,so as to provide a reference for preventing falls in the elderly.Methods 826 community residents aged 55 years and older were enrolled in Wuzhong,Ningxia;cognitive function was assessed during the participants attending the basic public health examination,and self-report falling events were observed through telephone call survey after half a year.The incidence of falls among different populations was compared using unconditional Logistic regression model.Results A total of 521 participants completed the follow-up study,and 127 of them met criteria of MCI at baseline.32 participants reported falling occurred during follow-up with a incidence of 6.1%(32/521),and the incidence of falls was higher(8.85%,23/260)in females than that of males(3.45%,9/261)(RR=2.56,P=0.010).The incidence among MCI group(9.45%,12/127)was 1.86 times of that among non-MCI group(RR=1.86,P=0.073).Under the controlling of demographic variables(gender,age and education level),there was no association between MCI and falls(RR=1.41,P=0.382).Conclusions The incidence of falls in the elderly communities is common,and females has higher risk of falls than males.There is no statistical association between MCI and risk of falls.Further validation is needed with large-sample studies in the future.