手术创伤对老龄大鼠海马CA3区突触结构的影响

目的 探讨手术创伤对老龄大鼠海马CA3区突触结构的影响.方法 健康SD大鼠56只,月龄18月,随机分为3组,对照组(C组,n=8)腹腔注射生理盐水0.8 ml/kg;麻醉组(A组,n=24)腹腔注射氯胺酮40 mg/kg;手术组(O组,n=24)腹腔注射氯胺酮40 mg/kg,翻正反射消失后行脾脏切除术.A组和O组于麻醉或术后1、3,7 d(T_(1～3))时取8只大鼠行Morris水迷宫实验测试认知功能,并测定海马CA3区突触结构各指标.结果 与C组和A组比较,O组T_(1,2)时通过原平台次数、突触数减少,突触间隙增宽,突触后膜致密物厚度变薄,突触活性带长度缩短,突触界面曲率减小(P<0.05或0.01).与C组比较,A组T_1时、O组T_(1,2)时潜伏期及游泳距离延长(P<0.01);与A组比较,O组T_(1,2)时潜伏期延长,T_2时游泳距离延长(P<0.05).结论 手术创伤导致老龄大鼠术后早期认知功能减退的机制与海马CA3区突触结构改变有关.

Effects of surgical trauma on synaptic structure in hippocampal CA3 area in aged rats

Objective To investigate the effects of surgical trauma on synaptic structure in hippocampal CA3 area in aged rats.Methods Fifty-six healthy SD rats aged 18 months were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (group C, n = 8) , anesthesia group (group A, n = 24) , and operation group (group O, n - 24) . Anesthesia was performed with intraperitoneal ketamine 40 mg/kg but no operation was carried out in group A. Anesthesia was also performed with intraperitoneal ketamine 40 mg/kg, and splenectomy was performed after loss of righting reflex in group O. Eight animals from group A and O selected on 1, 3, and 7 d after anesthesia or operation respectively underwent Morris water maze test for assessment of the cognitive function. The animals were . then decapitated. Hippocampal CA3 area was isolated for examination with electron microscope and the synaptic structure in the polymorphic layer of hippocampal CA3 area was measured. Results Compared to group C and A, the times of passing through the original platform and number of synapses were significantly reduced, the width of synaptic cleft was significantly increased, the thickness of the postsynaptic density was significantly decreased, the length of the active zones was significantly shortened, and the curvature of the synaptic interface and percentage of perforated synapses were significantly decreased at T_(1,2), ( P < 0.05 or 0.01) , but no significant change was found in the indices mentioned above at T_3 in group O(P > 0.05). Compared to group C, the latency and swimming distance were significantly prolonged at T_1 in group A and at T_(1,2) in group O ( P < 0.01) . Compared to group A, the latency at T_(1,2) and the swimming distance at T_2 were significantly prolonged in group O ( P < 0.05) . Conclusion Surgical trauma can induce early postoperative cognitive impairment through changing synaptic structure in hippocampal CA3 area in aged rats.