应用功能性健康型态模式调查整形美容患者的护理需求

目的了解整形美容患者护理需求,为引导护理人员采取科学、规范的方法正确对患者实施健康评估,明确护理问题,为患者提供优质的护理服务提供参考。方法参考Gordon功能性健康型态评估模式,自行设计整形美容患者护理需求调查表,对76例接受整形美容手术的患者进行调查,其中修复整形患者39例,美容整形患者37例。结果修复整形患者最强烈的前3项需求是:压力-应对3.27±0.22、自我感知-自我概念2.98±0.51、认知-感知2.96±0.43;美容整形患者最强烈的前3项需求是:自我感知-自我概念3.69±0.47、角色-关系3.32±0.61、健康感知-健康管理3.01±0.42。患者对活动-运动、营养-代谢、排泄的护理需求最低。结论修复整形患者与美容整形患者总体护理需求均为中等水平。修复整形患者对压力与应对需求最高,排泄需求最低;美容整形患者对自我感知与自我概念需求最高,排泄需求最低。护士需评估患者个体需求,引导患者正确认识外表形象,重视对整形美容患者心理护理,关注患者的压力及睡眠问题。

Investigation on nursing needs of patients receiving plastic or cosmetic surgery with the Gordon Functional Health Patterns

Objective To describe the nursing needs of patients receiving plastic or cosmetic surgery,to guide nurses to scientifically assess patients′ nursing problems,and to provide basis for them to give high quality nursing care to patients. Methods A questionnaire in terms of the nursing needs of patients receiving plastic or cosmetic surgery were designed based on the Gordon Functional Health Patterns. The instrument was used to investigate 76 patients(39 receiving plastic surgery and 37 receiving cosmetic surgery). Results Patients receiving plastic surgery had the strongest needs for coping-stress tolerance(3.27±0.22),self-perception/self-concept(2.98±0.51),and cognitive-perceptual(2.96±0.43),while their counterparts had the strongest needs for self-perception/self-concept(3.69±0.47),role relationship(3.32±0.61),and health perception and management(3.01±0.42).Patients had the lowest needs for activity exercise,nutritional metabolic,and elimination. Conclusion The nursing needs of patients receiving plastic or cosmetic surgery are at medium level.Patients receiving plastic surgery have the strongest needs for coping-stress tolerance,and the lowest needs for elimination.Patients receiving cosmetic surgery have the strongest needs for self-perception/self-concept,and the lowest needs for elimination.Nurses should assess the individual needs of patients,guide them to correctly recognize their body images,attach great importance to patients′ mental state,and concern their stress-related and sleep problems.