免疫检查点在乳腺癌中的研究进展

免疫检查点对于维持自身免疫耐受、避免免疫系统对正常组织进行攻击发挥着至关重要的作用。肿瘤细胞能够利用免疫检查点通路的激活逃避免疫系统的识别。目前最重要的免疫检查点为细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原-4（CTLA-4）、程序性死亡受体-1（PD-1）及程序性死亡受体配体-1（PD-L1）。肿瘤细胞PD-L1通过与活化的T细胞的PD-1结合，能够通过诱导T细胞的凋亡降低肿瘤免疫反应。免疫检查点抑制剂的应用能够延长肿瘤患者的生存时间。尽管目前对于免疫检查点认识有限，但免疫检查点抑制剂作为新的治疗方法有望改变乳腺癌的治疗模式。本篇综述将介绍乳腺癌中免疫检查点的研究进展。

Progression of immune checkpoint in breast cancer

Immune checkpoint plays an important role in maintaining self-tolerance and preventing immune system from attacking normal tissues.Tumor cells take advantage of these mechanisms to evade immune recognition.At present,the most important immune checkpoints are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA4),programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1).PD-L1 binds PD-1 to reduce the cellular immune response by inducing T-cell apoptosis or exhaustion.Immune checkpoint blockade improves the survival of patients with cancer.Despite the limited understanding,checkpoint blockade as a novel therapeutic approach may change the treatment paradigm of breast cancer in the future.In this paper,recent advances of immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer are reviewed.