抗病毒治疗对于艾滋病疫情影响的研究

抗病毒治疗（ART）可降低艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者／艾滋病（AIDS）病人（HIV／AIDS病人）的病毒载量，从而对AIDS的流行和发展产生影响。文章针对国内外ART对AIDS疫情影响的相关研究进行综述。从传染源的影响来看，ART能抑制HIV／AIDs病人血液、生殖道、直肠壁的病毒复制，但仍存在感染的风险。从传播途径的影响来看，ART是否会增加危险性行为尚存争议。从高危人群的影响来看，ART应用于高危人群的预防具有一定的效果，但还存在药物不良反应、耐药性等诸多负面效应。因而亟须更多研究对ART所带来的AIDS疫情趋势影响进行预测、评估和验证。

A review of the impact of antiretroviral therapy on human immunodeficiency virus incidence

Antiretroviral therapy （ART） has a potential impact on human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） trans- mission by reducing the HIV viral burden. This review summarizes studies attempting to assess the population im- pact of ART use on mortality and HIV incidence. From the viewpoint of source of infection, ART can reduce the concentration of HIV in blood, genital secretions,and rectum. However, even after suppression, the latent pool of HIV renders HIV infection incurable. As for route of transmission, there is considerable debate on the possibility of wide scale use of ART leading to changes in patterns of risk behavior. It is suggested that antiretroviral pre-expo- sure prophylaxis reduces the risk of acquiring HIV in high-risk individuals. Although these findings are exciting, side effects and ART drug resistance must also be weighed. Much more studies are necessary to predict and assess the population impact of ART use on HIV incidence.