红细胞和血小板临床输血疗效分析

目的　探讨成人患者红细胞和血小板输血疗效情况及其影响因素，提高输血治疗有效率。方法　回顾性分析2019年7月至2021年6月期间在中国人民解放军陆军第七十三集团军医院进行红细胞和血小板输血治疗的患者的相关数据，评估患者红细胞和血小板输血疗效情况；根据患者性别、年龄、输血次数和基础疾病对患者进行分组，探讨红细胞和血小板输血疗效的影响因素。采用χ²检验。结果　本研究共纳入282例红细胞输血治疗患者和98例血小板输血治疗患者作为研究对象。282例红细胞输血治疗患者中男性136例，女性146例，年龄18～82岁。98例血小板输血治疗患者中男性46例，女性52例，年龄18～88岁。经分析，282例患者红细胞输血治疗总有效率为81.91%（231/282），98例患者血小板输血治疗总有效率为85.71%（84/98）。经卡方检验，18～60岁患者红细胞和血小板输血有效率高于≥60岁患者（χ²_红细胞=7.415，P=0.006；χ²_血小板=4.961，P=0.026），输血次数<3的患者红细胞和血小板输血有效率高于输血次数≥3的患者（χ²_红细胞=7.760，P=0.005；χ²_血小板=6.853，P=0.009）；急性失血性疾病和造血功能障碍性疾病患者红细胞和血小板输血有效率高于慢性失血性疾病患者（χ²_红细胞=18.653，P<0.001；χ²_血小板=10.597，P=0.005）；发热患者血小板输血有效率低于体温正常患者（χ²=8.459，P=0.004）；手术患者红细胞和血小板输血有效率低于非手术患者（χ²_红细胞=9.928，P=0.002；χ²_血小板=5.878，P=0.015）。结论　中国人民解放军陆军第七十三集团军医院成人患者红细胞和血小板输血有效率相对较高，红细胞和血小板输血疗效与患者年龄、输血次数和基础疾病有关，临床上对患者进行输血治疗时应予以重视。

Efficacy analysis of clinical blood transfusion of red blood cells and platelets

Objective　To investigate the efficacies of red blood cell and platelet transfusionfor adult patients and its influencing factors, and to improve the efficiencyof blood transfusion therapy. Methods　The data of thepatients who received red blood cell and platelet transfusion in The 73rd GroupMilitary Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Ground Force fromJuly 2019 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and the efficacies of redblood cell and platelet transfusion were evaluated. The patients were dividedinto groups according to their gender, age, frequency of blood transfusion, andunderlying diseases, and the influencing factors of red blood cell and platelettransfusion efficacies were investigated. The χ² test was applied. Results　A total of 282 patients taking red blood cell transfusion therapy,including 136 males and 146 females who were 18-82 years old, and 98 patientstaking platelet transfusion therapy, including 46 males and 52 females who were18-88 years old, were included in this study. According to data analysis, thetotal effective rate of red blood cell transfusion for the 282 patients was81.91% (231/282), and the total effective rate of platelet transfusion for the98 patients was 85.71% (84/98). According to the chi-square test, the effectiverates of red blood cell and platelet transfusions in the 18-60 years oldpatients were higher than those in the ≥60 years old patients (χ²_{red blood cells}=7.415, P_{red blood cells}=0.006; χ²_platelet=4.961, P_platelet=0.026). The effective rates of red blood celland platelet transfusion in the patients with the frequency of bloodtransfusions <3 were higher than those in the patients with the frequency ofblood transfusions ≥3 (χ²_{red blood cells}=7.760, P_{red blood cells}=0.005; χ²_platelet=6.853, P_platelet=0.009). Theeffective rates of red blood cell and platelet transfusion in the patients withacute blood loss disease and hematopoietic dysfunction disease were higher thanthose in the patients with chronic blood loss disease (χ²_{red blood cells}=18.653, P_{red blood cells}<0.001; χ²_platelet=10.597, P_platelet=0.005). Theeffective rate of platelet transfusion in the patients with fever was lowerthan that in the patients with normal body temperature (χ²_platelet=8.459, P_platelet=0.004). The effective rates of red blood celland platelet transfusion in the patients taking surgery were lower than thosein the patients taking no surgery (χ²_{redblood cells} = 9.928, P_{redblood cells} = 0.002; χ²_platelet = 5.878, P_platelet =0.015). Conclusions　The effective ratesof redblood cell and platelet transfusion for adult patients in The 73rd GroupMilitary Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Ground Force arerelatively high. The efficacies of redblood cell and platelet transfusion arerelated to the patients' age, frequency of blood transfusion, and underlyingdiseases. Clinical attention should be paid to the patients' blood transfusiontreatment.