免疫营养在食管癌围术期应用的研究现状

食管癌为易发生营养不良的恶性肿瘤，目前手术仍是可切除食管癌的主要治疗方式。营养不良是影响手术预后的独立危险因素，因此尽早改善食管癌患者的营养状况有利于围术期的管理。免疫营养分为免疫营养素和生态免疫营养。免疫营养素富含特定营养素，含有免疫调节成分；生态免疫营养是指营养配方中含有生态制剂，能够调节肠道微环境，提高肠道免疫能力。两者各具特点，总的来说，通过维护肠道菌群和肠屏障功能，促进营养吸收，从而改善食管癌患者围术期的营养状况，减少术后并发症和缩短住院时间。本文将从免疫营养素和生态免疫营养2个角度分别阐述食管癌围术期营养治疗的研究进展。

Perioperative application of immune nutrition in patients with esophageal neoplasms

Esophageal cancer patients are prone to malnutrition, and surgery is still the main treatment for resectable esophageal cancer. Malnutrition is an independent risk factor on the patients' operation prognosis, so the improvement of the nutritional status is beneficial to the perioperative management for esophageal cancer patients. Immune nutrition has two suborders: immunonutrition and ecoimmunonutrition. Immunonutrition is rich in specific nutrients and contains immunomodulatory components. Ecoimmunonutrition refers to the ecological preparations contained in the nutritional formula, which can regulate the intestinal microenvironment and improve the intestinal immune capacity. Although both of them have their own characteristics, the balance of intestinal flora and the maintenance of intestinal barrier function can promote the absorption of nutrients, and improve the perioperative nutritional status of patients with esophageal cancer, reduce their postoperative complications, and shorten their hospital stay. In this paper, the research on the perioperative nutritional therapy of esophageal cancer about immunonutrition and ecoimmunonutrition is reviewed.