A dynamic model of the hand with application in functional neuromuscular stimulation |
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Authors: | Ali Esteki Joseph M Mansour |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 44106 Cleveland, OH, USA |
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Abstract: | Potential hand function in people with tetraplegia was evaluated using a three-dimensional dynamic mathematical model. The
model was used to evaluate hand positioning, grasp force, and the outcome of surgeries such as tendon transfers and joint
fusion, in situations typical of those encountered when using functional neuromuscular stimulation to restore function in
people with tetraplegia. In the model, the hand is treated as a jointed multibody system. Each joint is subjected to muscle
moments, passive joint moment, and moments due to grasp forces. Model simulations showed that function was highly dependent
on both muscle strength and joint passive moments. The potential for tendon transfers, such as the Zancolli-lasso and intrinsic-plasty,
to improve hand function was demonstrated, but their value is subject-dependent. It was also shown that activation of multiple
thumb muscles (adductor pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, and flexor pollicis longus) without interphalangeal joint fusion
can provide convenient lateral pinch posture with ∼70% more grip force than a currently used method, which includes joint
fusion but requires only one muscle. Finally, a grasp protocol was introduced and shown successful in palmar grasp and hold
of movable cylindrical objects using only extrinsic muscles, provided the fingers could be extended sufficiently to enclose
the object. |
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Keywords: | Hand modeling Hand function Interaction of passive and active moments Tip pinch Lateral pinch Reciprocal motion |
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