肾移植受者自我管理行为的现状调查

目的调查肾移植受者自我管理行为现状。方法选择2009年9月至2012年6月门诊就诊的97例肾移植受者，按照手术时间分为3组，分别是。肾移植术后≤6个月、6～12个月及≥12个月，采用肾移植受者自我管理行为量表调查其自我管理行为，通过方差分析比较3组受者自我管理行为现状。结果97例肾移植受者中，术后≤6个月组32例，术后6～12个月组31例，术后≥12个月组34例；3组患者的自我管理行为得分分别为（100．1±7．0）分、（99．0±7．3）分、（91．3±5．8）分，组间比较，差异有统计学意义（F=3．53，P=0．03）。饮食方面，术后6～12个月组得分最高，组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=16．41，P=0．00）；躯体活动方面，术后≤6个月组得分最高，3组患者比较差异有统计学意义（F=11．50，P=0．00）。肾移植术后≤6个月、6～12个月及≥12个月3组受者在掌握常用药物作用与副作用得分分别为（2．00±0．00）分、（2．03±0．18）分、（2．41±0．50）分，掌握常规化验值得分分别为（2．00±0．00）分、（2．05±0．16）分、（2．82±0．39）分，保护皮肤防晒方面得分分别为（3．09±0．30）分、（3．03±0．91）分、（2．85±0．36）分。结论肾移植术后≥12个月受者的自我管理行为较差，需要医护人员进行相关的健康教育。

Self-management behavior of renal transplant recipients

Objective To investigate self-management behaviors of kidney transplantation recipients after discharge. Methods A total of 97 kidney transplantation recipients were recruited from a teaching hospital of Peking University From September 2009 to June 2012, and all eligible subjects were then assigned to 3 groups： post-transplantation less than 6 months group （group A） ,post-transplantation 6-12 months group （group B） ,and post-transplantation more than 12 months group （group C）. The subjects were required to complete self-management scale for renal transplant recipients. ANOVA was used for data analysis. Results There were 32 patients in group A ,31 in group B, and 34 in group C. Self-management behavior score of the participants of the three groups was 100. 1 ± 7.0,99. 0 ± 7.3 and 91.3 ± 5.8, respectively （ F = 3.53, P = 0. 03）. In terms of diet, group B got the highest score （ F = 16.41, P = 0. 00 ）. However, group A showed excellence in physical activities （ F = 11.50, P = 0. 00）. For three groups, score of drug effect and side effect was 2. 00 ± 0. 00,2. 03 ± 0. 18, and 2.41 ± 0. 50 ; score of routine laboratory values was 2. 00 ± 0. 00,2. 05 ±- 0. 16 and 2. 82 ±0.39; and score of skin protection was 3.09 ±0.30,3.03 ±0.91,and 2. 85 ±0.36, respectively. Conclusions Post-transplantive self-management behavior of patients who completed the surgery for more than 12 months may not be better than others. Healthcare professionals need to improve patients＇ self-management through health education.