河南省X射线摄影成年受检者入射体表剂量调查

目的 调查河南省X射线摄影致成年受检者的入射体表剂量水平，为建立适合我国国民体质特征的放射诊断受检者剂量指导水平提供技术和数据支持。方法 采用非概率抽样方法选取河南省郑州、开封和信阳3个地市14家医院，用热释光剂量测量方法调查普通X射线摄影、计算机X射线摄影（CR）和直接数字化X射线摄影（DR）不同照射部位1 404名受检者入射体表剂量水平。结果 河南省普通X射线摄影、CR摄影和DR摄影致成年受检者入射体表剂量范围分别为0.20~47.71、0.16~6.89和0.10~10.41 mGy。腹部前后位（AP）、骨盆AP、头颅侧位（LAT）、头颅后前位（PA）、胸部LAT、胸部PA、胸椎AP、胸椎LAT、腰椎AP、腰椎LAT摄影入射体表剂量范围分别为0.16~10.05、0.20~10.36、0.11~2.13、0.10~2.92、0.39~5.85、0.12~1.82、0.16~11.67、0.36~29.37、0.25~14.49和1.18~47.71 mGy。普通X射线摄影致受检者入射体表剂量高于CR和DR摄影，差异有统计学意义（Z=-8.709、-9.570，P<0.05）。普通X射线摄影胸部PA、腰椎LAT入射体表剂量高于全国“九五”期间调查结果，差异有统计学意义（Z=3.262、2.538，P<0.05）。结论 河南省普通X射线摄影和CR摄影所致受检者胸部PA和LAT入射体表剂量超过医疗照射指导水平，普通X射线摄影部分照射部位入射体表剂量较全国“九五”期间调查结果有所提高。

Investigation on entrance surface doses to adult patients from medical X-ray examination in Henan province

Objective To investigate the levels of the entrance surface doses to adult patients from X-ray examinations in Henan province, and to provide technical and data support for establishing the dose guidance level of diagnostic radiology applicable to Chinese people.Methods Entrance surface doses to 1 404 examined individuals from conventional radiography, computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR) were investigated by non-probability sampling and using thermoluminescence dosimetry in 14 hospitals in Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and Xinyang cities in Henan province. Results The entrance surface doses from the conventional radiography, CR and DR in Henan province were in the range of 0.20-47.71, 0.16-6.89 and 0.10-10.41 mGy, respectively. The entrance surface doses were 0.16-10.05 for abdominal anteroposterior (AP), 0.20-10.36 for pelvic AP, 0.11-2.13 for lateral skull (LAT), 0.10-2.92 for posteroanterior (PA), 0.39-5.85 for chest LAT, 0.12-1.82 for chest PA, 0.16-11.67 for thoracic AP, 0.36-29.37 for thoracic LAT, 0.25-14.49 for lumbar spine AP and 1.18-47.71 mGy for lumbar spine LAT, respectively. Entrance surface doses measured in the conventional radiography were higher than in CR and DR with significantly statistical difference (Z=-8.709, -9.570, P<0.05). Entrance surface doses measured for chest PA and lumbar LAT from conventional radiography were higher than the surveyed results in the 9th National Five-Year Plan period, with difference statistically significant (Z=3.262, 2.538, P<0.05). Conclusions Entrance surface doses to chest PA and LAT from radiography and CR were higher than the guidance levels of medical radiation exposure. Entrance surface doses from radiography to some exposed parts were higher than the levels surveyed in the 9th National Five-Year Plan period.