生物型人工硬脑膜应用的实验研究

目的 探讨一种生物型人工硬脑膜用于修补缺损硬脑膜的安全性及有效性。方法 将18只新西兰兔分为4组,于冠状缝后、中线两侧用电钻各磨1个骨窗,暴露硬脑膜。右侧剪除自体硬脑膜,取生物型外科补片(硬脑膜)行硬膜修补。左侧硬脑膜作为对照。A组4只,术后3 d处死;B组4只,术后14d处死;C组5只,术后30d处死;D组5只,术后90d处死。取术部脑及脑膜标本进行组织学检查,采集各组术前及处死前静脉血,行白细胞计数,并进行统计学分析;术后对各组动物进行临床观察。结果 各组动物术前、处死前的白细胞总数无显著差异(P>0.05)。各组病理检查植入侧与对照侧均只见修复反应,术后14 d有内皮细胞覆盖植入物内表面;术后30d,人工脑膜内的胶原纤维间有成纤维细胞出现;术后90d,人工硬膜与正常硬膜愈合,人工脑膜内的胶原纤维间可见较多成纤维细胞和纤维细胞。未显示植入人工硬膜的排斥、与脑皮层粘连等不良反应。临床观察各组动物无手术局部感染,伤口愈合好,无局部积液,无脑脊液漏。结论 动物实验证实生物型外科补片(人工硬脑膜)是一种安全、可行的硬脑膜修补材料。

Experimental study of a biological dural graft in rabbits

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a dural graft prepared using porcine membrane in duraplasty. Methods Eighteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into groups A (n=4), B (n=4), C (n=5), and D (n=5) sacrificed 3, 14, 30 and 90 d after duraplasty, respectively. Each animal underwent bilateral parietal craniectomy behind the coronal suture and beside the midline to expose the dura, which was cut on the right side and substituted with the dural graft. The exposed dura on the left was kept intact as control. The rabbits were observed for WBC counts before the operation and before sacrifice by transcardiac formalin perfusion, respectively. The meninges and brain tissues were histologically examined after sacrifice. Results The WBC count varied little after the operation (P>0.05). Microscopic examination demonstrated tissue repair on both the implantation side and control side, without graft adhesion to the cortical surface. In group A, a large number of leukocytes were seen gathering on the lateral dura, suggesting acute tissue repair. In group B, endothelial cells covering the inner surface of the graft could be seen. Fibroblasts and fibrocytes were seen in the grafts between collagen fibers in group C, and in group D, fibroblasts and fibrocytes increased between the collagen fibers and the suture healed. Conclusion The dura graft is safe and applicable for dural defect repair.