肿瘤免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎的管理

以免疫检查点程序性死亡因子-1（programmed death 1，PD-1）抑制剂、程序性死亡因子配体-1（programmed death ligand 1，PD-L1）抑制剂及细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4（cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4，CTLA-4）抑制剂为代表的肿瘤免疫治疗，近年来在肿瘤治疗中广泛开展，有效延长了肿瘤患者的生存期，但也可能导致免疫治疗相关不良事件（immune-related adverse events，irAEs）。免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitor，ICIs）相关肺炎是常见的irAEs之一，可导致部分肿瘤患者治疗暂停、治疗失败、甚至威胁生命。正确了解ICIs相关肺炎的临床特点，早期诊断并恰当治疗，对影响肿瘤患者的预后、延长生命有重要意义。

The management of tumor immune checkpoint inhibitor related pneumonitis

Tumor immunotherapy, mainly programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor that were widely used these years, may effectively prolong the overall survival of patients with various tumors. However, immune checkmate inhibitor may also lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Immune checkpoint inhibitor related pneumonitis is a sort of irAEs, which may cause therapy cease, therapy failure, and even life-threaten in a few cases. Understanding the clinical characteristics of immune checkpoint inhibitor related pneumonitis, early recognition and diagnosis, and appropriate treatment are of great significance to avoid affecting the prognosis and prolong the life of tumor patients.