双价抗蛇毒鸡卵黄抗体制备与生物活性研究

目的 通过双价抗蛇毒鸡卵黄抗体(bivalent anti-snake venom immunoglobulin yolk,双价IgY)的制备及其相关特性研究,为多价抗蛇毒IgY的制备和应用奠定基础.方法 两种单一抗原(舟山眼镜蛇、圆斑蝰泰国亚种)按顺序依次交替注入单只鸡体内,水稀释法制备双价IgY;测定双价IgY效价(间接ELISA法)、交叉免疫特性(双向免疫扩散试验)及对溶膜活性(溶膜试验)、半数致死量(LD50)的中和作用.结果 初次免疫后第28-42天,以水稀释法提取的双价IgY对眼镜蛇毒及蝰蛇毒的效价分别为1:12 800和1:6400.双价IgY与眼镜蛇亚科、蝰业科6种蛇毒有明显的交叉免疫反应,而与蝮亚科4种蛇毒的交叉免疫反应不明显.双价IgY能显著降低眼镜蛇、蝰蛇毒对鸡卵黄膜的溶膜作用,也能显著延长眼镜蛇和蝰蛇伤小鼠的存活时间(P<0.05),同等剂量的双价lgY提高眼镜蛇伤存活率优于蝰蛇伤.结论 双价IgY能够显著中和眼镜蛇、蝰蛇毒的溶膜和致死活性,能有效保护机体免受眼镜蛇毒和蝰蛇毒的攻击.

Preparation anti biological activity of bivalent IgY against cobra anti viper venom

Objective To prepare the bivalent immunoglobulin yolk (lgY) against eobra and viper venom and to detect its activities as the foundation for production and application of polyvalent . Methods The venom of Naja atra Cantor and Daboia russellii siamensis injected alternately into the leghorn hen. Biva-lent lgY was extraeted by water dilution. The biological activity of bivalent lgY were deteeted in several as-pects, sueh as the potency ( by indireet ELISA assay), the cross immunity ( by double immunodiffusion), the membrane lysis activity ( by experiments of vitelline membrane lysis) and 50% lethal activity ( LD50 ). Results Bivalent IgY was extracted from eggs yolk in 28-42 days after the first immunization. The titers of bivalent lgY against cobra and viper venom were 1:12 800 and 1: 6400. The cross immunologic reactions of bivalent IgY were found obviously with six kinds of snake venoms from Elapinae and Viperinae. There were not immunologic precipitation lines between bivalent IgY and four kinds of snake venoms from Crotalinae. Bi- valent lgY obviously deereased the vitelline membrane lysis activity of cobra and viper venom and prolonged the average survival time of mice with cobra or viper envenomation (P < 0.05). Moreover, with the same dose of bivalent IgY, the survival rate of mice with cobra venom envenomation was higher than those with vi-per venom envenomation. Conclusion Bivalent lgY could signifieantly neutralize biologieal activities of co-bra and viper venom, protect animals with cobra or viper envenomation.