mi-RNA调控自噬在癌症中的作用

自噬是通过溶酶体依赖性途径降解和再循环细胞溶质组分或细胞器的保守分解代谢过程，其负责长寿命蛋白质、蛋白质聚集体以及受损细胞器的降解以维持细胞稳态。因此，自噬的异常与许多疾病相关，包括阿尔茨海默病，帕金森病和癌症。根据目前的观点，自噬似乎在癌症形成的早期阶段充当肿瘤抑制剂，但在后期阶段，自噬可以促进肿瘤的生长、扩散。microRNA（miRNA）是内源性非编码小RNA，其通过沉默mRNA靶标来调节基因表达。在体细胞发育、造血、免疫、细胞增殖和死亡以及自噬过程中，miRNA失调表现出巨大的调节潜力。近年来大量的研究表明miRNA可通过调节靶向基因表达来调节细胞自噬进而有助于癌症形成，以及癌症的进展。在本综述中，将简要阐明miRNA对自噬的调控在癌症中的作用。

Role of microRNAs in regulating autophagy in cancer

Autophagy is a conservative catabolic process in which solute components or organelles are degraded and recycled via lysosomal dependent pathways. It is responsible for the degradation of long-lived proteins, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles to maintain cell homeostasis. Thus, abnormalities in autophagy are associated with many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. According to current views, autophagy appears to act as a tumor inhibitor in the early stages of cancer formation, but in the later stages, it promotes tumor growth and spread. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNAs that regulate gene expression by silencing mRNA targets. MiRNA imbalance shows great regulatory potential in somatic cell development, hematopoiesis, immunity, cell proliferation and death, and autophagy. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that miRNAs can regulate autophagy by regulating the expression of targeted genes, thus contributing to the formation and progression of cancer. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of miRNAs in regulation of autophagy in cancer.