2014—2017年重庆市长寿区中小学生营养状况分析

目的 掌握长寿区中小学生营养现状及变化趋势,为有关部门制定营养健康管理措施提供参考依据。方法 按照《全国学生体质与健康调研检测细则》的测试要求,2014—2017年对长寿区在校中小学生进行学生健康体检,对营养不良(生长迟缓、消瘦)和超重、肥胖检出率的变化,分性别和不同学段进行统计、分析,并与重庆市中小学生营养状况抽样调查结果进行横向比较。结果 2014—2017年中小学生营养不良检出率分别为9.60%、6.15%、5.36%、5.68%,其中,生长迟缓检出率上升了0.95%,消瘦检出率下降了4.87%,四年间逐年下降。营养不良检出率男生高于女生。2014—2017年中小学生超重检出率分别为9.47%、10.42%、11.43%、12.72%,肥胖检出率分别为5.06%、5.65%、6.71%、7.65%,逐年持续增长,男生超重检出率分别比女生高4.09%、3.26%、3.68%、3.43%,男生肥胖检出率分别比女生高3.04%、3.09%、3.83%、3.98%,(P<0.01)。男女生超重、肥胖检出率均逐年增长,男生超重、肥胖检出率分别增长了3.58%、3.06%,比女生增长幅度分别高0.66%、0.94%。长寿区中小学生超重、肥胖检出率增长幅度均高于重庆市平均水平。结论 2014—2017年长寿区中小学生营养不良检出率逐年下降,而超重、肥胖则持续增长。社会、学校、家庭等应协同配合,加强中小学生营养健康教育,加强体育锻炼,科学合理膳食。

Analysis of nutritional status of primary and middle school students in Changshou District of Chongqing City from 2014 to 2017

Objective To master the nutritional status and change trend of primary and middle school students in Changshou District, so as to provide the reference for the relevant departments of Changshou District to formulate the nutrition health management measures. Methods According to the test requirements of the National Health and Health Research and Test Rules of the National Students, the physical examinations of primary and secondary school students of Changshou District were conducted yearly from 2014 to 2017, and the trend of the detection rates of malnutrition (growth retardation, emaciation), overweight, and obesity was analyzed statistically, and the results were horizontally compared with the results of the sample survey of nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Chongqing City. Results From 2014 to 2017, the yearly prevalence of malnutrition in primary and middle school students was 9.60%, 6.15%, 5.36% and 5.68% respectively. Among which, the detection rate of growth retardation increased by 0.95%. The detection rate of emaciation decreased by 4.87% year after year. The prevalence of malnutrition in the boys was higher than that in the female students. From 2014 to 2017, the yearly prevalence of overweight in primary and middle school students was 9.47%, 10.42%, 11.43%, and 12.72%, respectively, and the prevalence of obesity was 5.06%, 5.65%, 6.71% and 7.65%, respectively. The yearly prevalence of overweight in the boys was higher than that in the girls by 4.09%, 3.26%, 3.68%, and 3.43% respectively; the yearly prevalence of obesity in the boys was higher than that in the girls by 3.04%, 3.09%, 3.83%, and 3.98% respectively (P<0.01). From 2014 to 2017, the detection rates of overweight and obesity of the male and female students increased year by year. The detection rates of overweight and obesity of boys increased by 3.58% and 3.06% respectively, which were higher than those of the girls by 0.66% and 0.94% respectively. The increments of overweight and obesity of primary and middle school students in Changshou District were higher than the average levels of primary and middle school students in Chongqing City. Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition in primary and middle school students in Changshou District is decreasing year by year from 2014 to 2017, but the sustained growth of overweight and obesity is troubling. Therefore, the society, schools, families and so on should cooperate with each other, and strengthen the nutrition health education and strengthen the physical exercises, and give the primary and middle school students a scientific and reasonable diet.