2018年江门市高三学生视力状况及影响因素分析

目的了解江门市高三学生近视流行情况及相关影响因素,为制定学生近视防控策略提供相关依据。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,从江门市随机抽取11所高中,最终共纳入1075名学生,进行视力检测并开展问卷调查。结果1075名高三学生中,近视患病率为79.81%。城市与农村、父母文化程度不同的学生近视患病率存在差异(P均<0.05)。秩相关显示近视程度与每天看电视时长、每天课外做功课时长、每天玩电子游戏时长、每天上网时长、每周参加课外补习班时长呈正相关(r分别为0.025、0.20、0.27、0.21、0.18,P均<0.05);与不讨厌吃某类蔬菜、肉类、水果、7天内每天至少运动60 min为负相关(r分别为-0.06、-0.10,P均<0.05)。非条件logistic回归分析发现每天课外做功课时长≥4.1 h、每天玩电子游戏时长≥4.1 h、每天上网时长≥4.1 h、每周参加课外补习班时长≥8.1 h,是导致近视的危险因素(OR均>1,P值均<0.05)。结论江门市高三学生近视现况不容乐观,影响因素多样,建议重视学生健康教育,加强学生、家庭、学校、社区、社会联动的防近视体系的建立。

Vision status and influencing factors of students of grade three in senior high schools in Jiangmen City in 2018

Objective To understand the prevalence of myopia and related factors in students of grade three in senior high schools in Jiangmen City, so as to provide a relevant evidence for the development of students‘ prevention and control strategies for myopia. Methods By using the stratified random sampling method, 11 senior high schools were randomly selected from Jiangmen City, and a total of 1 075 students were finally enrolled to carry out the vision test and questionnaire survey. Results Among the 1 075 students, the prevalence of myopia was 79.81%. There were significant differences in the prevalence of myopia between urban and rural areas and among the parents with different educational levels (both P<0.05). The rank correlation showed that the degree of myopia was positively correlated with watching TV duration every day, doing homework duration every day, playing video game duration every day, surfing the Internet duration every day, and the duration in extra-curricular remedial classes every week (r=0.025, 0.20, 0.27, 0.21, 0.18, all P<0.05). The degree of myopia was negatively correlated with not hating certain vegetables, meat and fruits (r=－0.06, P<0.05), and the exercises for at least 60 minutes per day for 7 days (r=－0.10, P<0.05). The unconditional logistic regression analysis found that the duration of extracurricular homework ≥4.1 hours every day, the duration of playing video games ≥4.1 hours every day, the duration of online ≥4.1 hours every day, and the duration of attending extracurricular tutoring classes ≥8.1 h per week were the risk factors for myopia (all OR value >1, all P<0.05). Conclusion The current situation of myopia in the students of grade three in senior high schools in Jiangmen City is not optimistic, and the factors affecting myopia are diversified. It is recommended to strengthen the health education in students, and enhance the systematic establishment of prevention and treatment of myopia among students, families, schools, communities, and society.