外泌体在类风湿性关节炎发病机制中的研究进展

外泌体是细胞主动分泌的一种直径30~100 nm的囊泡状小体,其内容物含有蛋白质、脂质及RNA等多种成分。外泌体参与介导细胞间的通讯,参与炎症反应、细胞增殖与分化、组织修复、免疫信号通路转导及应激反应等体内多种生理及病理进程。大量研究显示外泌体可以调节、维持自身免疫性疾病,尤其是类风湿性关节炎的发生与进展,其可能是类风湿性关节炎新的诊断标志物及潜在的治疗载体。

Exosomes in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Exosomes are 30-100 nm vesicles secreted from almost all types of cells.They contain various molecular constituents,including proteins,lipids,and RNA.As important mediators of cell-to-cell communication,exosomes are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as inflammatory reaction,cell proliferation and differentiation,tissue repair,immune signal transduction,and stress response.Exosomes can regulate and maintain the initiation and progression of many autoimmune diseases,especially rheumatoid arthritis.Meanwhile,exosomes may be a new biomarker for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and a potential treatment vector for this disease.