糖皮质激素治疗抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性肾小球肾炎近期预后的影响因素分析

目的 分析糖皮质激素(GC)治疗抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)相关性肾小球肾炎近期预后的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2000年1月1日至2015年5月31日在北京协和医院接受经皮肾活检、临床资料保存完整的81例ANCA相关性肾小球肾炎患者的临床病理资料,重新进行病理分型,对诱导治疗阶段接受GC冲击和未冲击治疗患者的肾脏总体缓解率、感染及死亡情况进行比较,采用Logistic回归分析影响ANCA相关性肾小球肾炎近期预后的因素。结果 81例患者中,49例(60.5%)在诱导缓解期同时联合GC冲击治疗,32例(39.5%)未联合GC冲击治疗。冲击组患者基线时估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR0)明显低于未冲击组患者(t=3.003,P=0.015),24 h尿蛋白(24 hUP)(t=-2.394,P=0.002)、伯明翰系统性血管炎活动评分(BVAS)(t=0.049,P=0.013)明显高于未冲击组患者;两组患者的环磷酰胺(CTX)累积量差异无统计学意义(t=1.336,P=0.245)。冲击组患者治疗6个月时的肾总体缓解率明显低于未冲击组(48.7%比 79.3%;χ ²=6.591,P=0.024)。单因素分析结果显示,基线24 hUP(t=6.222,P=0.017)、eGFR0(t=3.727,P=0.046)及病理分型(χ ²=7.654,P=0.045)与6个月时肾总体缓解率显著相关;进一步行多因素分析结果显示,新月体型是6个月时肾总体缓解率的独立影响因素(新月体型相较硬化型OR=20.63,95%CI:2.217~191.973,P=0.008),GC冲击治疗与肾总体缓解率无关(OR=0.271,95%CI:0.062~1.179,P=0.082)。6个月内共有37位患者新发感染,冲击组的感染率(55.1%,27/49)明显高于未冲击组(31.3%,10/32)(P=0.042)。单因素回归分析结果显示,eGFR0(t=1.912,P=0.049)、基线BVAS(t=-3.360,P=0.001)、是否GC冲击治疗(χ ²=6.249,P=0.014)与6个月内新发感染相关;进一步多因素分析结果提示,基线BVAS是6个月内感染事件的唯一影响因素,BVAS每增加1分,感染风险为1.089倍(OR=1.089,95%CI:1.006~1.179,P=0.034)。 结论 新月体较硬化型是ANCA相关性肾小球肾炎近期肾总体缓解率的独立影响因素,采取更积极的治疗可能更有获益。基线BVAS评分是近期新发感染的独立危险因素。

Effect of Glucocorticoid Pulse Therapy on Short-term Prognosis of Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies-associated Glomerulonephritis

Objective To investigate the prognosis predictors of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis treated with glucocorticoid(GC).Methods The clinicopathological data of patients with biopsy-confirmed ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis were retrospective analyzed by retrieving the medical database in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to May 2015. Pathological categories were re-classified. Renal remission rates,infection rates,and death events were compared between intravenous glucocorticoid(GC)pulse therapy group and non-pulse group. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze factors influencing the short-term prognosis.Results Among the 81 patients with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis,49(60.5%)received GC pulse therapy and 32(39.5%)did not. The GC pulse group had significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline(eGFR0)than the non-pulse group(t=3.003,P=0.015)but significantly higher 24-hour urinary protein(24 hUP)(t=2.394,P=0.002)and Birmingham Systemic Vasculitis Activity Score(BVAS)(t=0.049,P=0.013). There was no significant difference in the cumulative amount of cyclophosphamide(CTX)(t=1.336,P=0.245)between these two groups. The overall renal remission rate of GC pulse group in the 6 ^th month was significantly lower(48.7% vs. 79.3%;χ ²=6.591,P=0.024). Univariate analysis showed that baseline 24 hUP(t=6.222,P=0.017),eGFR0(t=3.727,P=0.046),and pathological category(χ ²=7.654,P=0.045)were associated with the overall renal remission rate in the 6 ^th month. Multivariate analysis showed the crescent category was an independent factor(OR=20.63,95%CI:2.217-191.973,P=0.008;compared with sclerotic category)for overall renal remission rate in the 6 ^th month,while GC pulse therapy was not an predictor(OR=0.271,95%CI:0.062-1.179,P=0.082). A total of 37 patients experienced infections within 6 months. The infection rate in GC pulse group(55.1%,27/49)was significantly higher than that of non-pulse group(31.3%,10/32)(P=0.042). Univariate regression analysis showed that eGFR0(t=1.912,P=0.049),baseline BVAS(t=-3.360,P=0.001)and GC pulse(χ ²=6.249,P=0.014)were associated with infection events within 6 months. Multivariate analysis showed that the baseline BVAS was the only predictor with 1.089 times for every 1 point increase in BVAS(OR=1.089,95%CI:1.006-1.179,P=0.034). Conclusions Crescentic category favors renal remission independently compared with sclerotic category. Patients with crescentic category may benefit more from intensive treatment. BVAS acts as an independent risk factor of infection.