气管支气管原发良性肿瘤的临床及CT影像分析

目的 加深对气管支气管原发良性肿瘤的认识,提高早期诊断率。方法 对本院收治的22例原发性气管支气管良性肿瘤病例的临床及影像特点进行回顾性分析。结果 22例均经手术或病理证实,神经鞘瘤2例、脂肪瘤3例、错构瘤5例、平滑肌瘤9例、炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤1例、多形性腺瘤2例。患者早期症状隐匿、不典型,伴有不同时间的误诊。气管5例、支气管17例;影像上均为腔内生长,3例呈铸形堵塞管腔、19例呈类圆形结节;边缘光滑,均呈广基底,不伴有气管支气管管壁增厚,轻中度强化。结论 原发性气管支气管良性肿瘤罕见,当患者反复咳嗽、咳痰、治疗不佳时,应进一步排查气管支气管良性肿瘤的可能性,其在CT上主要表现为腔内生长结节,表面光滑,体积较小,不伴有管壁的增厚,但可呈宽基底。

Clinical and Imaging Manifestations of Primary Benign Tracheobronchial Tumors

Objective To improve our knowledge of primary benign tracheobronchial tumors and increase the early diagnosis rate.Method The clinical and imaging features of 22 patients with benign tracheobronchial tumors were retrospectively analyzed.Results The lesions were surgically or pathologically confirmed as schwannomas(n=2),lipomas(n=3),hamartomas(n=3),leiomyomas(n=9),inflammatory myofibroblastoma(n=1),and pleomorphic adenomas(n=2).The early symptoms were concealed and atypical,accompanied by misdiagnoses at different time points.The tumors were located at trachea in 5 patients and at bronchus in 17 patients.All lesions manifested as intraluminal growth with mild to moderate enhancement,without thickening of the tracheobronchial wall.They had smooth margins and wide basements.The lesions were cast-shaped and occluded the lumen in 3 cases;in the remaining 19 cases,the lesions appeared as round or oval nodules.Conclusions Primary benign tracheobronchial tumors are rare.Patients with repeated cough and expectoration that respond poorly to treatment should be screened for benign tracheobronchial tumors.On CT,the benign tracheobronchial tumors are small intraluminal nodules with the smooth surface and wide basement,without thickening of the wall.