初产妇产后家庭保健状况及其影响因素的研究

目的探讨初产妇产后家庭保健状况及家庭保健知识和信息掌握的影响因素。方法对307例于产后42 d至产科门诊行检查的初产妇进行家庭保健状况的问卷调查。结果初产妇产后休养环境、产后用药知识掌握较理想,为高水平;产褥期卫生、活动与休息、新生儿喂养与护理、性生活及避孕等家庭保健知识为中等水平;而对产褥期饮食与营养、产后康复、异常症状的判断、产后心理调适等方面的知识和信息缺乏,为低水平。初产妇的产后家庭保健知识和信息受其文化程度、对孕产期保健的态度、配偶的文化程度、对产后保健服务可及性的感受及职业等各种因素的影响,总的影响程度为37.9%。结论医务人员应根据初产妇及配偶的文化程度、职业等因素,加强初产妇对孕期、产后保健,尤其是产褥期饮食与营养、产后康复、异常症状的判断及产后心理调适方面的保健指导,以促进产妇身心健康。

Investigation on the Family Health Care and Influencing Factors Among Primipara After Childbirth

Objective To get health-care knowledge and information about the family health care and influencing factors among primipara after childbirth.Methods A questionnaire survey about family health care was conducted in 307 primipara when they had a physical check up 42 days after childbirth.Results The scores in recovering conditions and mastery of knowledge(about) use of medicine were high.The scores in activity and relaxation,hygiene,infant-feeding,infant-care and contraception among the primipara were moderate;but the scores in diet and nutrition,recovery after childbirth,judgement of abnormal symptoms and psychological adjustment among primipara were low.The mastery of family health care information among primipara was influenced by their education,attitude towards the health care during pregnancy and after childbirth,educational background of their spouses,perception of the availability of health care service and their professions and other factors.The total attribution was 37.9%.Conclusions The health workers in obstetrics should strengthen the family health care guidance to primipara in diet and nutrition,recovery,judgement of abnormal symptoms and psychological adjustment by taking educational background of primiparas and their spouses and other influencing factors into account.