超声引导下喉上神经阻滞研究进展

喉上神经的内支支配声门裂上方喉咽的大部分黏膜感觉，并涉及颈交感干和颈上神经节的分支。喉上神经阻滞不仅能阻断伤害性刺激，还能产生交感神经阻滞，阻滞区域主要包括咽部、会厌和声门裂上方喉黏膜的感觉神经。与盲法定位比较，超声引导下喉上神经阻滞安全性更高且并发症少，在临床中得到了广泛的应用。本文就喉上神经内支的应用解剖、超声定位方法、喉上神经阻滞的临床应用、不良反应及并发症进行综述，并对其研究进展进行总结和展望。

Rrsearch progress in ultrasound-guided superior laryngeal nerve block

The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates most of the mucosal sensory nerves of the laryngopharynx above the glottic fissure and involves the branches of the cervical sympathetic trunk and the superior cervical ganglion. The superior laryngeal nerve block can not only block the noxious stimulation, but also produce sympathetic nerve block. The block areas mainly include the sensory nerves of pharynx, epiglottis and laryngeal mucosa above glottic fissure. Compared with blind localization, ultrasound-guided superior laryngeal nerve block has a higher safety level and better blocking effect, and has been widely used in clinic. This paper reviews the anatomy, ultrasonic localization methods, clinical application, adverse reactions and complications of the internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve block, and summarizes and prospects its research progress.