聚合酶链式反应法在中药材和饮片鉴别中的相关问题探讨

目的：为促进聚合酶链式反应法在中药材和饮片鉴别中的应用，提高检验质量提供参考。方法： 梳理《中华人民共和国药典》收载的中药材和饮片鉴别聚合酶链式反应法在应用过程中发现的问题，从取样代表性、基因组提取、PCR扩增、标准物质和实验室布局等方面探讨聚合酶链式反应法的注意事项，并提出针对性的建议。结果与结论：应结合性状和其他鉴别提高取样的代表性；基因组提取时应注意排除污染，根据样品类型选择合适的提取方法并检验提取基因组质量；PCR扩增用引物设计和DNA聚合酶选择存在局限，使用合适的标准物质、注意实验室布局合理才能提高检验质量。

Discussion on the Related Problems in the Identification of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Decoction Pieces by Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective: To promote the application of polymerase chain reaction method in the identifi cation of Chinese herbal medicines and decoction pieces, and provide references for improving the quality of inspection. Methods: The problems found in the application of PCR method for identifi cation of Chinese herbal medicines and decoction pieces included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia were reviewed, and the points for attention of PCR were discussed from sampling representativeness, genome extraction, PCR amplifi cation, standard substances and laboratory layout, etc., and corresponding suggestions were put forward. Results and Conclusion: The representativeness of the sample should be improved by combining traits with other identifications. Contamination should be eliminated during genome extraction and appropriate extraction method should be selected according to the type of samples, and the quality of extracted genome should be checked. There are limitations in primer design and DNA polymerase selection for PCR amplifi cation, and the use of appropriate reference standards and laboratory layout could improve the inspection quality.