妊娠高血压孕妇不同孕周子宫动脉、脐动脉血流动力学及妊娠结局分析

目的 探究妊娠高血压孕妇不同孕周的子宫动脉、脐动脉血流动力学变化及妊娠结局。方法 选取2020年1月至2021年7月台州市立医院收治的98例妊娠高血压孕妇纳入观察组，选取同期98例正常孕妇纳入对照组。比较两组孕妇在不同孕周子宫动脉、脐动脉的阻力指数（resistance index，RI）、血流搏动指数（pulsatility index，PI）、收缩期流速/舒张期流速（S/D）以及新生儿一般状况和妊娠结局。结果 对照组孕妇子宫动脉的RI、PI、S/D随孕周延长逐渐下降；观察组孕妇子宫动脉的RI、PI、S/D随孕周先上升后下降。观察组孕妇20~25周、30~35周子宫动脉的RI、PI、S/D均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组孕妇30~35周脐动脉的RI、PI、S/D均显著低于本组20~25周（P<0.05）；观察组孕妇30~35周脐动脉的RI、PI、S/D均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组新生儿的体质量、双顶径、头围、股骨长度及腹围均显著小于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组孕妇的早产、胎儿生长受限、新生儿窒息、转新生儿重症监护病房的比例显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 妊娠高血压孕妇在不同孕周子宫动脉、脐动脉的血流阻力均显著高于正常孕妇，对胎儿生长发育和妊娠结局造成不良影响。

Analysis of uterine artery and umbilical artery hemodynamics and pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with gestational hypertension in different gestational weeks

Objective To investigate the hemodynamics of uterine artery and umbilical artery and pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with gestational hypertension at different gestational weeks. Methods A total of 98 gestational hypertension pregnant women admitted to Taizhou Municipal Hospital from January 2020 to July 2021 were included in observation group, and 98 normal pregnant women in the same period were included in control group. The resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), systolic flow velocity/diastolic flow velocity (S/D) of uterine artery and umbilical artery at different gestational weeks, neonatal general status and pregnancy outcome were compared between the two groups. Results In control group, RI, PI and S/D of uterine artery decreased gradually with the prolonging of gestational weeks. RI, PI and S/D of uterine artery in observation group increased first and then decreased with the gestational weeks. RI, PI and S/D of the uterine artery in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group at 20-25 weeks and 30-35 weeks (P<0.05). RI, PI and S/D of umbilical artery in two groups at 30-35 weeks were significantly lower than those at 20-25 weeks (P<0.05). RI, PI and S/D of umbilical artery in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group at 30-35 weeks (P<0.05). The weight, biparietal diameter, head circumference, femur length and abdominal circumference of newborns in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). The rates of premature delivery, fetal growth restriction, neonatal asphyxia, and transfer to neonatal intensive care unit in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The blood flow resistance of uterine artery and umbilical artery in pregnant women with gestational hypertension was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women at different gestational weeks, which had adverse effects on fetal growth and pregnancy outcome.