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IL-37 a New IL-1 Family Member Emerges as a Key Suppressor of Asthma Mediated by Mast Cells |
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| Authors: | P. Conti G. Ronconi A. Caraffa G. Lessiani Kempuraj Duraisamy |
| Affiliation: | 1. Immunology Division, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy;2. UOS Clinica dei Pazienti del Territorio, Policlinico Gemelli, Roma, Italy;3. Department of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy;4. Center of Intensive Rehabilitation, “S. Agnese”, Pineto (TE), Italy;5. Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA |
| Abstract: | In 1986, we reported a multiple biological effect of IL-1 including immunological, inflammatory, and tumor killing activity. Since then other IL-1 family cytokines have been discovered, some with inflammatory and other with anti-inflammatory activity. In this review article, we speculate on the possible inhibitory effect of IL-37 in the light of new findings. IL-37, formerly termed IL-1 family member 7 (IL-1F7), binding IL-18 receptor α chain, acts as a cytokine with intracellular as well as extracellular functionality and as a natural inhibitor of immune responses and inflammation. IL-37 inhibits many pro-inflammatory cytokine and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. Asthma pathogenesis involves multiple cell types including mast cells, which are important cellular constituents of the human innate and adaptive immunity. IL-37 has an impact on inflammatory cytokines generated by mast cells and is beneficial for and protective in asthma. However, the precise mechanism(s), safety, and tolerability of IL-37 are unclear and still remain a mystery. Abbreviations: GBP (Guanylate Binding Proteins); HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box protein 1); NLRP (Nucleotide-like Receptor Pyrin domain 1); ASC (Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing CARD, Caspase Recruitment Domain); FGF2 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 2). |
| Keywords: | Anti-inflammatory asthma IL-1 IL-37 mast cells |