模拟高原条件下大鼠爆炸性颅脑创伤伤情特点的研究

目的建立模拟高原条件下大鼠爆炸性颅脑外伤的动物模型，研究其伤情特点。方法用动物低压氧舱模拟高原环境，设计实验用大鼠爆炸性颅脑创伤实验舱，运用8#军用雷管，爆心距离目标18cm，建立大鼠爆炸性颅脑创伤的模型，观察该模型的动物行为学、病理学、脑含水量、血脑屏障开放程度和脑组织氧分压等结果，认识高原开放性颅脑创伤伤情特点。结果本实验制备的爆炸性颅脑创伤动物模型，伤情稳定，可重复性好；高原致伤组与平原致伤组均存在：（1）病理检查发现神经元细胞核、尼氏体和细胞器出现不同程度的损伤及缺血性改变。（2）脑含水量测定提示存在脑水肿。（3）伊文思蓝荧光染料示踪血脑屏障通透性存在不同程度的血脑屏障开放。（4）激光多普勒脑血流及脑组织氧分压监测提示脑组织局部缺血缺氧表现，两组比较，高原致伤组上述结果更严重，持续时间更长。结论本实验制备的动物模型，可以模拟高原环境的爆炸性颅脑创伤，高原致伤组与平原致伤组比较，其损伤程度更严重，持续时间更长。

The experimental study of explosive craniocerebral injury in rats in high altitude

Objective To establish an animal model of explosive craniocerebral injury in rats with simulated high altitude and to investigate the characteristics of the model.Methods The model in rats was established with the explosion of detonator in an airtight metal chamber,with 18cm between the center of the explosion of detonator and the brain of rats,under the environment of simulated high altitude with a hypobaric oxygen chamber,and we observed the characteristics of the model including the animal ethology,pathology, brain-stem auditory evoked potential(BAEP),the degree of blood brain barrier(BBB)opening,regional cerebral brain flow(rCBF)and brain tissue oxygen tension(PbtO_2).Results The model in rats was stable and repeatable,which we can observe the characteristics of the model in(1)the ischemic changes and the injuries with diverse degree in the caryon of neuron,the tigroid bodies and the cell organs,(2) measurement of the water content in brain demonstrates brain edema,(3)the permeability of the blood brain barrier open measured with Evan's blue(EB)and(4)the ischemia and anoxemia in injury area respectively by the regional cerebral brain flow(rCBF)and the partial pressure of brain tissue oxygen(PbtO_2)monitored with laser doppler flowmetry(LDF)and LICOX CMP monitor instrument.In comparison with plain group, the characteristics of the simulated high altitude group were more severe and lasted longer.Conclusion The model we established can reasonably simulated the explosive craniocerebral injury in rats at high altitude, whose characteristics were more sever and lasted longer than those of the plain group.