食管癌发病水平及变化趋势

食管癌在世界癌症发病中占第8 位，位居全球癌症死因的第6 位。食管癌预后较差，对人类健康的危害严重。我国是食管癌高发国家，也是世界上食管癌新发病例最多的国家。食管癌的组织学类型主要分为食管鳞癌和食管腺癌，从上世纪70代开始许多西方国家的食管鳞癌发病率呈下降趋势，与此相反食管腺癌的发病率迅速增加，成为增长速度最快的恶性肿瘤之一。中国人群食管癌的病理类型以鳞状上皮细胞癌为主，该组织学类型占我国食管癌发病的90% 以上。我国食管癌发病率呈明显的地区差异，食管鳞癌和食管腺癌的发病水平、地理分布、时间变化趋势及发病危险因素存在较大差别。本文阐述食管癌发病水平及变化趋势，以期为我国食道癌预防和控制策略制定、实施与效果评估提供基础信息。 

Incidence and trend of esophageal cancer

Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer in the world and is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death. This disease has a poor prognosis and does serious harm to human health. China has the largest number of newly reported cases of esophageal cancer in the world. The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in many western countries showed a downward trend since the 1970s. However, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased rapidly and eventually become the fastest-grow-ing malignant tumor in the world. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma remains the most common esophageal cancer in China and ac-counts for more than 90%of all the esophageal cancer cases in the country. The incidence trend of esophageal cancer significantly dif-fers across various cancer pathological types and geographical regions. This trend offers a helpful reference for developing a preven-tion and control strategy and understanding the incidence level and trend of esophageal cancer.