Nervous system ofSchistosoma mansoni cercaria: Organization and fine structure

As observed by transmission electron microscopy of serially sectionedSchistosoma mansoni cercaria, the nervous system is distributed throughout the three anatomic segments of the larva-i.e., the anterior organ (oral sucker), the body (midsegment), and the tail. The central ganglion, a neuropile surrounded by cell bodies, is located in the anterior area of the body segment. It tapers anteriorly into two lobes from which a pair of anterior central nerve trunks extend longitudinally. The posterior region of the central ganglion tapers into a pair of nerve trunks (posterior central nerve trunks). Twelve peripheral nerve trunks are evenly distributed around the ganglion. Six trunks course anteriad (anterior peripheral nerve trunks) and six course posteriad (posterior peripheral nerve trunks). A pair of dorsal and ventral nerve trunks, positioned opposite each other, extend the length of the tail. All nerve trunks are unsheathed. The nervous system contains three types of vesicles. Type I vesicles average 47.66±2.57 nm in diameter, vary in electron density, and have electron-lucent peripheries. Type II vesicles have a mean diameter of 18.41±2.57 nm, are electron-lucent and are concentrated mostly in the presynaptic area of the synaptic and neuromuscular junctions. The mean diameter of Type III vesicles is 57.47±16.08 nm. They are electron-dense and are concentrated mostly in the tegumental ciliated papillac and their accompanying dendrites. Two types of synaptic junctions are present. Type1 synapse has dense material incorporated in its postsynaptic membrane, while Type2 synapse has dense material of various dimensions incorporated in its presynaptic membrane and usually in its postsynaptic membrane. Synaptic and neuromuscular junctions are similar.