清代以前拔罐疗法的时代特征

拔罐疗法发展至今,已经成为一种独特的中医外治法,最早的拔罐工具为兽角,使用负压原理为水煮罐后形成的负压。两汉时期出现了刺血疗法。魏晋南北朝时期,将针刺与拔罐疗法结合应用,对后世的针罐结合具有很大的启发。隋唐时期,拔罐的工具有了突破性的发展,人们开始用削制加工的竹子做成的竹罐来逐渐代替兽角。宋金元时期,拔罐疗法已经逐渐完善,竹罐已经完全替代了兽角,拔罐疗法的名称亦由"角法"变为"吸筒法",在应用上出现了"药筒法"。明代时期,拔罐法已经发展成为一种比较成熟的治疗手段,并广泛应用于临床,罐具上仍以竹罐为主,"药筒法"也有所改进。清代时期使用竹罐及投火法,拔罐疗法得到了极大的推崇,其适应证也得到了不断完善。

Time Characteristics of TCM Cupping Therapies Before Qing Dynasty

The development of cupping therapy has become a unique method of traditional Chinese medicine.The earliest cupping tool is the beast angle,using the principle of negative pressure formed in boiling pot.The hematopoietic therapy appeared in the Han Dynasty.During Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties period,the combination of acupuncture and cupping therapy has become popular,which is a great inspiration for the future use.During Sui and Tang Dynasties,cupping tools had a breakthrough development that bamboo cans began to replace the beast angle for cupping.During Song Jin Yuan period,cupping therapy has been further improved,bamboo cans have completely replaced the beast angle,the name of cupping therapy changed from the " angle cupping" into " suction cupping",and the method of herb cupping appeared.During the Ming Dynasty,cupping method has developed into a more mature therapy with bamboo cans,and was widely used in clinical," herb cupping" has also been improved.During the Qing Dynasty,the fire cupping therapy has been greatly respected,and its indications have been continuously expanded.