年龄相关性黄斑变性危险因素病例对照研究

目的 探讨年龄相关性黄斑变性(简称AMD)发生的可能相关危险因素.方法 应用成组对照的病例对照研究方法.病例组为AMD患者85例,选取医院中非AMD患者i00例作为对照组,均进行标准问卷调查及相关眼科检查,收集有关人口统计信息及危险因素的暴露史.采用)x2检验和多因素非条件Logistic逐步回归模型进行分析,筛选AMD的主要危险因素.结果 进行Logistic逐步回归分析,最终进入模型的因素有吸烟(X1)、抗氧化剂摄入(X2)、高血压(X3),建立回归方程为:ln[P/(1-P)]=-0.485+0.778 X1-0.897 X2+0.694 X3.多因素分析发现,吸烟(OR=2.177,95%CI=1.167～4.062)和高血压(OR=2.001,95%CI=1.063～3.766)为AMD发生的危险因素;经常服用抗氧化剂(OR=0.408,95%CI=0.200～0.832)为AMD发生的保护因素.趋势性检验发现吸烟与AMD的优势比之间存在一定的剂量反应关系.结论 AMD是多因素综合作用所致,吸烟及高血压会增加患AMD危险性,抗氧化剂的使用会减少患AMD的危险性.

Case-control study of the risk factors for age related macular degeneration

Objective To explore the possible risk factors of age related macular degeneration(AMD).Method A group comparing case-control study was carried out.The cases were eighty-five AMD.The controls were one hundred subjects without AMD.All the participants underwent stardard questionnaire survey and correlative eye examination.Uniform questionnaires were administered to obtain demographic information and exposure information of related factors.Statistical analysis of x2 test and multi-factors non-conditional Logistic regression were performed to screen the risk factors.Results:Statistical analysis of Logistic regression displayed that ultimate factors,such as smoking(X1),taking antioxidant(X2)and hypertension(X3)entered the model.The established regression equation was ln[P/(1-P)]=-0.485+0.778 X1-0.897 X,+0.694 X1.The multi-factors Logistic regression show that smoking(OR=2.177,95%CI=1.167～4.062)and hypertension(OR=2.001,95%CI=1.063～3.766)are risk factors for AMD,while taking antioxidant regularly(OR=0.408,95%CI=0.200～0.832)is a protective factor.The dose-response were observed between smoking and odds ratio of AMD by fiend test.Conclusions AMD is caused by many kinds of factors.Smoking and hypertension can increase the risk of AMD,while taking antioxidant regularly can reduce the risk of AMD.